Single-photon detectors and bolometers represent the bridge between different topics in science, such as quantum computation, astronomy, particle physics, and biology. Nowadays, superconducting bolometers and calorimeters are the most-sensitive detectors in the terahertz and subterahertz bands. Here, we propose and demonstrate a Josephson escape sensor (JES) that could find natural application in astrophysics. The JES is composed of a fully superconducting one-dimensional Josephson junction, whose resistance-versus-temperature characteristics can be precisely controlled by a bias current. Therefore, differently from traditional superconducting detectors, the JES sensitivity and working temperature can be in situ simply and finely tuned depending on the application requirements. A JES bolometer is expected to show an intrinsic thermal-fluctuation-noise noise-equivalent power on the order of ${10}^{-25}{\mathrm{W/Hz}}^{1/2}$, while a JES calorimeter could provide a frequency resolution of about 2 GHz, as deduced from the experimental data. In addition, the sensor can operate at the critical temperature (i.e., working as a conventional transition-edge sensor), with a noise-equivalent power of approximately $6\times {10}^{-20}{\mathrm{W/Hz}}^{1/2}$ and a frequency resolution of approximately $100$ GHz.

中文翻译：

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用于千兆赫天文学的超灵敏可调谐约瑟夫森逃逸传感器

单光子探测器和辐射热计代表了科学中不同主题之间的桥梁，例如量子计算，天文学，粒子物理学和生物学。如今，超导辐射热计和热量计是太赫兹和太赫兹波段中最敏感的探测器。在这里，我们提出并演示了可以在天体物理学中找到自然应用的约瑟夫森逃生传感器（JES）。JES由完全超导的一维约瑟夫逊结组成，该结的电阻与温度特性可以通过偏置电流精确控制。因此，与传统的超导探测器不同，JES灵敏度和工作温度可以在原位可以根据应用要求进行简单，精细的调整。预期JES辐射热计将显示出一个固有的热波动噪声等效功率，约为${10}^{-25}{\mathrm{瓦/赫兹}}^{\mathrm{1个}/2}$，而JES量热仪可以提供约2 GHz的频率分辨率，这是根据实验数据得出的。另外，该传感器可以在临界温度下运行（即，作为传统的过渡边缘传感器），其等效噪声功率约为$6\times {10}^{-20}{\mathrm{瓦/赫兹}}^{\mathrm{1个}/2}$ 频率分辨率约为 $100$ GHz。