Objective: The aim of the study was an updated analysis of the frequency of leukoplakia in reference to tobacco smoking among the northern Polish population. Material and Methods: Medical records of 5720 patients who suffer from abnormalities and oral mucosa diseases between January 2015–December 2018 were analyzed. Among them, 416 medical charts of patients with leukoplakia were selected. The study group consisted of 196 women and 220 men aged between 21–86 years (average 45.6 years). The analysis was conducted in terms of age, gender, and smoking tobacco. The basic criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of oral leukoplakia confirmed by histopathological examination, recorded in the chart. Information about the patient’s active smoking was obtained from documented medical interviews. An active smoker was defined as a patient who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day for at least the previous six months. The study used parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Results: The highest incidence of leukoplakia was found in the age group 41–60 (46.6%), where the vast majority were active smokers (85.1%), and mostly men (86.2%). However, among patients with leukoplakia, the highest prevalence of smoking was found in the age group 21–40 years (86.8%) in women, where out of 38 patients with leukoplakia, 33 were active smokers. More patients with leukoplakia were observed in groups of smokers and it was statistically significant. Homogeneous form was the most commonly diagnosed form of leukoplakia in our study; it was found in almost 95% of cases. Leukoplakia was mainly observed on the cheeks. Changes on the gums, the alveolar process or the bottom of the tongue and mouth were rarely found. Conclusion: Our studies revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between tobacco smoking and the presence of oral leukoplakia among the northern Polish population. It should be noted that dentists, in particular, are capable of early diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment of leukoplakia and, most often, crucial elimination of the main risk factor, which is smoking, and the implementation of effective tobacco control interventions.

中文翻译：

---

波兰北部人群吸烟中白斑的发生频率分析

目的：本研究的目的是对波兰北部人群中与吸烟有关的白斑发病率进行最新分析。材料与方法：分析了2015年1月至2018年12月之间5720例患有异常和口腔粘膜疾病的患者的医疗记录。其中，选择了416名白斑患者的病历。该研究小组由196名女性和220名男性组成，年龄在21-86岁之间（平均45.6岁）。根据年龄，性别和吸烟进行了分析。纳入研究的基本标准是通过组织病理学检查证实存在口腔白斑，记录在图表中。有关患者主动吸烟的信息是从记录的医学访谈中获得的。积极吸烟者是指至少在过去六个月中每天吸烟10支或以上的患者。该研究使用了参数和非参数统计方法。结果：白斑发病率最高的年龄段是41-60岁（46.6％），其中绝大多数是积极吸烟者（85.1％），而大多数是男性（86.2％）。但是，在白斑患者中，女性的吸烟率最高的年龄段是21-40岁（86.8％），在38名白斑患者中，有33名是积极吸烟者。在吸烟者组中观察到更多的白斑患者，这在统计学上具有统计学意义。均质形式是本研究中最常被诊断为白斑的形式。在几乎95％的病例中都发现了这种情况。白斑主要在脸颊上观察到。很少发现牙龈，牙槽突或舌根和底部的变化。结论：我们的研究表明，在波兰北部人群中，吸烟与口腔白斑的存在之间存在统计学上的显着相关性。应当指出的是，尤其是牙医，能够早期诊断和实施白斑的适当治疗，并且通常能够关键地消除主要危险因素，即吸烟，以及实施有效的烟草控制干预措施。