Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is one of the most important foreign tree species in Germany and considered as a major candidate for prospective sustainable forestry in the face of climate change. Therefore, Q. rubra was subject of many previous studies on its growth traits and attempts to infer the origin of various populations of this species using nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. However, the exact geographic origin of German red oak stands has still not been identified. Its native range widely extends over North America, and the species can tolerate a broad range of environmental conditions. We genotyped individual trees in 85 populations distributed in Germany and North America using five chloroplast microsatellite and three novel chloroplast CAPS markers, resulting in the identification of 29 haplotypes. The new marker set enabled the identification of several new red oak haplotypes with restricted geographic origin. Some very rare haplotypes helped us narrow down the origin of Q. rubra stands in Germany, especially some stands from North Rhine-Westphalia, to the northern part of the species’ natural distribution area including the Peninsula of Nova Scotia, where the most similar haplotype composition was observed, compared to distinct German stands.

中文翻译：

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德国北部红栎（Quercus rubra L.）林分的叶绿体单倍型表明其起源于加拿大东北部

北部赤栎（Quercus rubra L.）是德国最重要的外来树种之一，面对气候变化，被认为是未来可持续林业的主要候选人。因此，Q。rubra以前是许多关于其生长特性的研究的主题，并试图利用核和叶绿体DNA标记来推断该物种的各种种群的起源。但是，尚未确定德国红橡木林分的确切地理起源。它的原生范围广泛分布于北美，该物种可以忍受各种各样的环境条件。我们使用五个叶绿体微卫星和三个新的叶绿体CAPS标记对分布在德国和北美的85个种群中的单个树进行基因分型，从而鉴定出29个单倍型。新的标记集可以识别地理来源受限的几种新的红橡木单倍型。一些非常罕见的单倍型帮助我们缩小了Q. rubra的起源 德国的林分，特别是从北莱茵-威斯特法伦州到该物种自然分布区北部的新林分，包括新斯科舍半岛，与德国的不同林分相比，观察到的单体型组成最为相似。