Humoral immunity to pathogens and other environmental challenges is paramount to maintain normal health, and individuals lacking or unable to make antibodies are at risk. Recent studies indicate that many human protective antibodies are against carbohydrate antigens; however, little is known about repertoires and individual variation of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in healthy individuals. Here we analyzed anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoires (ACARs) of 105 healthy individual adult donors, aged 20–60⁺ from different ethnic backgrounds to explore variations in antibodies, as defined by binding to glycan microarrays and by affinity purification. Using microarrays that contained > 1,000 glycans, including antigens from animal cells and microbes, we profiled the IgG and IgM ACARs from all donors. Each donor expressed many ACAs, but had a relatively unique ACAR, which included unanticipated antibodies to carbohydrate antigens not well studied, such as chitin oligosaccharides, Forssman-related antigens, globo-type antigens, and bacterial glycans. We also saw some expected antibodies to ABO(H) blood group and α-Gal-type antigens, although these also varied among individuals. Analysis suggests differences in ACARs are associated with ethnicity and age. Thus, each individual ACAR is relatively unique, suggesting that individualized information could be useful in precision medicine for predicting and monitoring immune health and resistance to disease.

对病原体和其他环境挑战的体液免疫对于维持正常健康至关重要，缺乏或无法产生抗体的个体面临风险。最近的研究表明，许多人类保护性抗体是针对碳水化合物抗原的。然而，人们对健康个体中抗碳水化合物抗体的全部成分和个体变异知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了来自不同种族背景的 105 名年龄在 20-60 岁^以上的健康成人捐献者的抗碳水化合物抗体库 (ACAR)，以探索抗体的变化，这些变化通过与聚糖微阵列的结合和亲和纯化来定义。使用含有 > 1,000 个聚糖（包括来自动物细胞和微生物的抗原）的微阵列，我们对所有捐赠者的 IgG 和 IgM ACAR 进行了分析。每个供体表达许多 ACA，但具有相对独特的 ACAR，其中包括未充分研究的针对碳水化合物抗原的意外抗体，例如几丁质寡糖、福斯曼相关抗原、球型抗原和细菌聚糖。我们还看到了一些针对 ABO(H) 血型和 α-Gal 型抗原的预期抗体，尽管这些抗体在个体之间也存在差异。分析表明 ACAR 的差异与种族和年龄有关。因此，每个个体 ACAR 都是相对独特的，这表明个体化信息可用于精准医学，用于预测和监测免疫健康和疾病抵抗力。