The high infection of adult honey bees with Nosema spores is known as nosemosis and can destroy bee colonies. In a previous study, we have reported the anti-nosemosis effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Artemisia dubia, Aster scaber, and A. dubia + A. scaber. In the current study, we isolated five phenolic compounds [chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffaeoylquinic acid(3,4-DCQA), 3,5-dicaffaeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), 4,5-dicaffaeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCQA), and coumarin] from A. dubia, A. scaber, and A. dubia + A. scaber aqueous extracts and screened for their toxicities and anti-Nosema effects in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Among these five compounds, coumarin, chlorogenic acid, and 4,5-DCQA exhibited less toxic but more potent anti-Nosema effects than the other two compounds. Especially, chlorogenic acid and coumarin showed prominent anti-Nosema activities even at the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL). They might have the potential to be developed as alternative compounds for the control of Nosema disease.

Nosema孢子对成年蜜蜂的高度感染被称为鼻涕虫病，可以破坏蜂群。在之前的一项研究中，我们已经报道了蒿属、紫菀和A. dubia + A. scaber的乙醇和水提取物的抗鼻塞作用。在目前的研究中，我们分离出了五种酚类化合物 [绿原酸、3,4-二咖啡酰奎尼酸 (3,4-DCQA)、3,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸 (3,5-DCQA)、4,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸 (4 ,5-DCQA) 和香豆素] 来自A. dubia、A. scaber和A. dubia + A. scaber水提取物，并筛选了它们的毒性和抗Nosema在体内和体外条件下的影响。在这五种化合物中，香豆素、绿原酸和 4,5- DCQA表现出比其他两种化合物毒性更小但更有效的抗鼻炎作用。特别是绿原酸和香豆素即使在最低浓度（10 μg/mL）下也显示出显着的抗Nosema活性。它们可能有可能被开发为控制Nosema病的替代化合物。