ABSTRACT

Radon activity concentration in water samples from Perak state Malaysia and their possible health risk was assessed. The Samples were from lakes, hot springs, and rivers. The RAD7 Detector was used for in-situ measurement of radon concentration. The radon activity concentration ranged from 0.04 ± 0.08 — 3.98 ± 0.39 Bq l ^{– 1}, with mean of 0.69 Bq l ^{– 1} and standard deviation of 0.92 Bq l ^{– 1}. The activity concentration ranged from 0.08 ± 0.12 — 0.45 ± 0.27, 0.04 ± 0.08 — 0.62 ± 0.32, 0.33 ± 0.23 — 3.98 ± 0.39 Bq l ^{– 1}, with a mean of 0.24 ± 0.19, 0.30 ± 0.21, 1.26 ± 0.34 Bq l ^{– 1} for lakes, hot springs, and rivers respectively. The result was below the UNSCEAR, USEPA and WHO action levels of 11.1 Bq l^{– 1}and100 Bq l ^{– 1}respectively. The ²²²Rn contribution from water to indoor air was found to be below the recommended action level . The annual effective dose for inhalation and ingestion ranged from 0.000102 — 0.009954 mSv y ^{– 1} and 0.000102 — 0.010112 mSv y ^{– 1}, with mean annual effective dose of 0.001733 and 0.001759 mSv y ^{– 1} respectively. The effective doses for both inhalation and ingestion were below the world average of 0.002 mSv y ^{– 1}. The ²²²Rn activity concentration in the study could be termed normal and without threat to human health.

摘要

评估了马来西亚霹雳州水样本中的activity活度浓度及其可能的健康风险。样品来自湖泊，温泉和河流。RAD7检测器用于in浓度的现场测量。活度浓度范围为0.04±0.08 — 3.98±0.39 Bq l ^-1，平均值为0.69 Bq l ^-1，标准偏差为0.92 Bq l ^-1。活性浓度范围为0.08±0.12 — 0.45±0.27、0.04±0.08 — 0.62±0.32、0.33±0.23 — 3.98±0.39 Bq l ^{– 1}，平均值为0.24±0.19、0.30±0.21、1.26±0.34 Bq l ^{– 1分别}代表湖泊，温泉和河流。结果低于UNSCEAR，USEPA和WHO的行动水平11.1 Bq l^{– 1}和100 Bq l ^{– 1}。发现水对室内空气的²²² Rn贡献低于建议的作用水平。吸入和摄入的年有效剂量范围为0.000102 – 0.009954 mSv y ^{– 1}和0.000102 – 0.010112 mSv y ^{– 1}，平均年有效剂量分别为0.001733和0.001759 mSv y ^{– 1}。吸入和摄入的有效剂量均低于世界平均水平0.002 mSv y ^{– 1}。这项研究中的²²² Rn活性浓度可以被称为正常且对人类健康没有威胁。