ABSTRACT

Introduction

The World Health Organization recommends vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) for children aged 1 year and older in areas where endemicity has shifted from high to intermediate. There are no recent comprehensive reviews of the epidemiology of HAV infection in Latin America, but seroprevalence and socioeconomic data suggest that, with improved clean water and sanitation systems, countries are transitioning to intermediate endemicity.

Areas covered

We conducted a systematic literature review of the epidemiology of HAV infection in 25 countries in the Latin American region, which included gray literature. We compiled data on HAV incidence and prevalence, including the identification of epidemiological changes observed in countries that established pediatric HAV vaccination programs.

Expert opinion

We identified 59 relevant articles, including 34 peer-reviewed seroprevalence studies (12 recent studies from Brazil), three incidence studies, and six vaccine impact studies (three from Argentina). Based on the estimated age at midpoint of population immunity in each country, most have a high-intermediate, intermediate, or low-intermediate level of HAV endemicity, suggesting that national childhood immunization may be an appropriate disease prevention strategy. However, recent data were lacking for most countries. Improved data quality and continued epidemiological surveillance are required for this region.

中文翻译：

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拉丁美洲国家的甲型肝炎流行病学：系统的文献综述对2020年的看法。

摘要

介绍

世界卫生组织建议在地方性流行已从高到中等的地区为1岁及以上的儿童接种甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）疫苗。拉丁美洲目前尚无关于HAV感染流行病学的全面综述，但是血清流行率和社会经济数据表明，随着清洁水和卫生系统的改善，各国正在向中等流行性过渡。

覆盖区域

我们对拉丁美洲地区25个国家的HAV感染流行病学进行了系统的文献综述，其中包括灰色文献。我们收集了有关HAV发病率和患病率的数据，包括确定建立了儿科HAV疫苗接种计划的国家所观察到的流行病学变化。

专家意见

我们确定了59篇相关文章，包括34篇经同行评审的血清阳性率研究（来自巴西的12篇近期研究），三篇发病率研究和六篇疫苗影响研究（三篇来自阿根廷）。根据每个国家人口免疫中点的估计年龄，大多数人的HAV流行程度处于高中，中或低中水平，这表明全国儿童免疫接种可能是一种适当的疾病预防策略。但是，大多数国家缺乏最新数据。该地区需要提高数据质量并继续进行流行病学监测。