Sexually selected ornaments range from highly dynamic traits to those that are fixed during development and relatively static throughout sexual maturity. Ornaments along this continuum differ in the information they provide about the qualities of potential mates, such as their parasite resistance. Dynamic ornaments enable real-time assessment of the bearer’s condition: they can reflect an individual’s current infection status, or they can reflect resistance to recent infections. Static ornaments, however, are not affected by recent infection but may instead indicate an individual’s genetically determined resistance, even in the absence of infection. Given the typically aggregated distribution of parasites among hosts, infection is unlikely to affect the ornaments of the vast majority of individuals in a population: static ornaments may therefore be the more reliable indicators of parasite resistance. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the ornaments of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) before experimentally infecting them with Gyrodactylus turnbulli. Males with more left-right symmetrical black coloration and those with larger areas of orange coloration, both static ornaments, were more resistant. However, males with more saturated orange coloration, a dynamic ornament, were less resistant. Female guppies often prefer symmetrical males with larger orange ornaments, suggesting that parasite-mediated natural and sexual selection act in concert on these traits.

中文翻译：

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男性孔雀鱼的装饰品的大小，对称性和颜色饱和度预测他对寄生虫的抵抗力。

性选择的饰物从高度动态的特征到在发育过程中固定且在整个性成熟期相对静止的特征不等。这个连续体上的装饰品在提供有关潜在配偶质量的信息（例如其抗寄生虫性）方面有所不同。动态装饰品可以实时评估承载者的状况：它们可以反映个人当前的感染状况，或者可以反映对近期感染的抵抗力。但是，静态装饰物不受近期感染的影响，但即使在没有感染的情况下，也可以指示个体的遗传确定的抗性。考虑到宿主之间寄生虫的分布通常是聚集的，感染不太可能影响人口中绝大多数个体的装饰品：因此，静态装饰物可能是寄生虫抵抗力的更可靠指标。为了验证这一假设，我们对雄性孔雀鱼的装饰品进行了量化（（Poecilia reticulata）在实验之前用球形陀螺对其进行感染。左右对称的黑色着色较强的男性和橙色着色区域较大的男性（均为静态装饰品）抵抗力更强。但是，具有较饱满橙色的雄性（动态装饰品）的抵抗力较弱。雌性孔雀鱼通常偏爱带有较大橙色装饰物的对称雄性，这表明寄生虫介导的自然选择和性选择共同作用于这些特征。