Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is one of the most common and serious diseases in wheat production. The constantly changing pathogens overcome the plant resistance to P. triticina. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins that alter the structure of the host cell, interfere plant defenses, or modify the physiology of plant cells. Therefore, the identification of effector proteins is critical to reveal the pathogenic mechanism. We used SignalP v4.1, TargetP v1.1, TMHMM v2.0, and EffectorP v2.0 to screen the candidate effector proteins in P. triticina isolates – KHTT, JHKT, and THSN. As a result, a total of 635 candidate effector proteins were obtained. Structural analysis showed that effector proteins were small in size (50AA to 422AA) and of diverse sequences, and the conserved sequential elements or clear common elements were not involved, regardless of their secretion from the pathogen to the host. There were 427 candidate effector proteins that contain more than or equal to 4 cysteine residues, and 339 candidate effector proteins contained the known motifs. Sixteen families, 9 domains, and 53 other known functional types were found in 186 candidate effector proteins using the Pfam search. Three novel motifs were found by MEME. Heterogeneous expression system was performed to verify the functions of 30 candidate effectors by inhibiting the programmed cell death (PCD) induced by BAX (the mouse-apoptotic gene elicitor) on Nicotiana benthamiana. Hypersensitive response (HR) can be induced by the six effectors in the wheat leaf rust resistance near isogenic lines, and this would be shown by the method of transient expression through Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 14 candidate effector proteins secreted after P. triticina inoculation showed that the tested effectors displayed different expression patterns in different stages, suggesting that they may be involved in the wheat–P. triticina interaction. The results showed that the prediction of P. triticina effector proteins based on transcriptomic analysis and multiple bioinformatics software is effective and more accurate, laying the foundation of revealing the pathogenic mechanism of Pt and controlling disease.

小麦叶锈病引起 小麦锈菌是小麦生产中最常见和最严重的疾病之一。不断变化的病原体克服了植物对小麦。植物病原体分泌效应蛋白，这些蛋白改变宿主细胞的结构，干扰植物防御或改变植物细胞的生理。因此，效应蛋白的鉴定对于揭示致病机理至关重要。我们使用SignalP v4.1，TargetP v1.1，TMHMM v2.0和EffectorP v2.0筛选了以下候选效应蛋白小麦隔离株– KHTT，JHKT和THSN。结果，总共获得了635种候选效应蛋白。结构分析表明，效应蛋白的大小很小（50AA至422AA），并且具有各种序列，并且不涉及保守的顺序元件或清晰的共有元件，无论它们从病原体到宿主的分泌如何。共有427个候选效应蛋白包含大于或等于4个半胱氨酸残基，并且有339个候选效应蛋白包含已知的基序。使用Pfam搜索，在186个候选效应蛋白中发现了16个家族，9个域和53个其他已知功能类型。MEME发现了三个新颖的图案。烟草。超敏反应（HR）可由六种效应子在等基因系附近的小麦叶锈病抗性中诱导，这可以通过瞬时表达的方法通过根癌农杆菌浸润。定量逆转录PCR（qRT-PCR）分析14种候选效应蛋白小麦 接种表明受试的效应子在不同阶段显示出不同的表达模式，表明它们可能参与了小麦–小麦相互作用。结果表明：小麦 基于转录组学分析和多种生物信息学软件的效应蛋白有效且更准确，为揭示该病的致病机理奠定了基础。 铂 和控制疾病。