Landslides pose a devastating threat to human health, killing thousands of people annually. Human vulnerability is a crucial element of landslide risk reduction, yet up until now, all methods for estimating the human consequences of landslides rely on subjective, expert judgment. Furthermore, these methods do not explore the underlying causes of mortality or inform strategies to reduce landslide risk. In light of these issues, we develop a data‐driven tool to estimate an individual's probability of death based on landslide intensity, which can be used directly in landslide risk assessment. We find that between inundation depths of approximately 1–6 m, human behavior is the primary driver of mortality. Landslide vulnerability is strongly correlated with the economic development of a region, but landslide losses are not stratified by gender and age to the degree of other natural hazards. We observe that relatively simple actions, such as moving to an upper floor or a prepared refuge space, increase the odds of survival by up to a factor of 12. Additionally, community‐scale hazard awareness programs and training for citizen first responders offer a potent means to maximize survival rates in landslides.

中文翻译：

---

人类对山体滑坡的脆弱性


山体滑坡对人类健康构成毁灭性威胁，每年造成数千人死亡。人类脆弱性是减少山体滑坡风险的一个关键因素，但到目前为止，所有估计山体滑坡对人类造成的后果的方法都依赖于主观的专家判断。此外，这些方法没有探讨死亡的根本原因，也没有为减少山体滑坡风险的策略提供信息。鉴于这些问题，我们开发了一种数据驱动的工具，根据山体滑坡强度来估计个人的死亡概率，该工具可以直接用于山体滑坡风险评估。我们发现，在大约 1-6 m 的淹没深度之间，人类行为是死亡的主要驱动因素。滑坡脆弱性与一个地区的经济发展密切相关，但滑坡损失并不像其他自然灾害那样按性别和年龄分层。我们观察到，相对简单的行动，例如搬到上层或准备好的避难空间，可使生存几率增加多达 12 倍。此外，社区规模的危险意识计划和针对公民急救人员的培训提供了有效的方法意味着最大限度地提高山体滑坡的生存率。