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Serotonin signaling suppresses the nutrition-responsive induction of an alternate male morph in horn polyphenic beetles.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2413 Daniel B Schwab 1 , Keeley D Newsom 1 , Armin P Moczek 1
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2413 Daniel B Schwab 1 , Keeley D Newsom 1 , Armin P Moczek 1
Affiliation
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Environment‐responsive development contributes significantly to the phenotypic variation visible to selection and as such possesses the potential to shape evolutionary trajectories. However, evaluation of the contributions of developmental plasticity to evolutionary diversification necessitates an understanding of the developmental mechanisms underpinning plastic trait expression. We investigated the role of serotonin signaling in the regulation and evolution of horn polyphenism in the beetle genus Onthophagus. Specifically, we assessed the role of serotonin in development by determining whether manipulating serotonin biosynthesis during the larval stage alters body size, developmental rate, and the formation of relative adult trait size in traits characterized by minimal (genitalia), moderate (elytra), and pronounced (horns) nutrition‐responsive development in O. taurus. Second, we assessed serotonin's role in evolution by replicating a subset of our approaches across four species reflecting ancestral as well as derived conditions. Lastly, we employed immunohistochemical approaches to begin assessing whether serotonin may be acting via the endocrine or nervous system. Our results show that pharmacological manipulation of serotonin signaling affects overall size, developmental rate, and the body size threshold separating alternate male morphs. Threshold body sizes were affected across species, regardless of the severity of horn polyphenism, and independent of the precise morphological location of horns. However, histological assessments suggest it is unlikely serotonin functions as a neurotransmitter and instead may rely on other mechanisms that remain to be identified. We discuss the most important implications of our results for our understanding of the evolution of and through plasticity in horned beetles and beyond.
中文翻译：
血清素信号传导抑制角多角甲虫中另一种雄性形态的营养响应诱导。
对环境敏感的发展极大地促进了选择可见的表型变异，因此具有塑造进化轨迹的潜力。然而，对发育可塑性对进化多样化的贡献的评估需要对支撑可塑性状表达的发育机制的理解。我们调查了血清素信号在甲虫属角poly角变型的调控和进化中的作用。具体来说，我们评估了血清素在发育中的作用通过确定在幼体阶段操纵5-羟色胺的生物合成是否改变了以O（生殖器），中度（elytra）和明显（角）营养反应性发育为特征的性状的体型，发育速度以及相对成年性状的形成金牛座。其次，我们评估了血清素在进化中的作用通过将我们的方法的子集复制到反映祖先和衍生条件的四个物种中。最后，我们采用免疫组化方法开始评估5-羟色胺是否可能通过内分泌或神经系统起作用。我们的结果表明，血清素信号传导的药理学处理会影响整体大小，发育速度以及分离其他雄性形态的体型阈值。阈值大小受物种影响，无论角多态性的严重程度如何，且与角的确切形态位置无关。但是，组织学评估表明，5-羟色胺不太可能作为神经递质发挥作用，而可能依赖于尚待确定的其他机制。
更新日期：2020-10-30
中文翻译：
血清素信号传导抑制角多角甲虫中另一种雄性形态的营养响应诱导。
对环境敏感的发展极大地促进了选择可见的表型变异，因此具有塑造进化轨迹的潜力。然而，对发育可塑性对进化多样化的贡献的评估需要对支撑可塑性状表达的发育机制的理解。我们调查了血清素信号在甲虫属角poly角变型的调控和进化中的作用。具体来说，我们评估了血清素在发育中的作用通过确定在幼体阶段操纵5-羟色胺的生物合成是否改变了以O（生殖器），中度（elytra）和明显（角）营养反应性发育为特征的性状的体型，发育速度以及相对成年性状的形成金牛座。其次，我们评估了血清素在进化中的作用通过将我们的方法的子集复制到反映祖先和衍生条件的四个物种中。最后，我们采用免疫组化方法开始评估5-羟色胺是否可能通过内分泌或神经系统起作用。我们的结果表明，血清素信号传导的药理学处理会影响整体大小，发育速度以及分离其他雄性形态的体型阈值。阈值大小受物种影响，无论角多态性的严重程度如何，且与角的确切形态位置无关。但是，组织学评估表明，5-羟色胺不太可能作为神经递质发挥作用，而可能依赖于尚待确定的其他机制。
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