Spreading of Trioza apicalis and development of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” infection on carrot in the field conditions,Annals of Applied Biology

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Spreading of Trioza apicalis and development of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” infection on carrot in the field conditions
Annals of Applied Biology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 , DOI: 10.1111/aab.12644
Anne I. Nissinen ₁ , Minna Haapalainen ₂ , Hannu Ojanen ₃ , Minna Pirhonen ₂ , Lauri Jauhiainen ₁

Affiliation

Carrot cultivation in Europe is suffering from infections with “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (CLso), a psyllid‐transmitted bacterial pathogen. In this study, field experiments were carried out in Finland to separately measure the effects of psyllid feeding damage and CLso infection on the carrot root growth and to reveal the dynamics of the spreading of CLso within the field. Most of the experiments were carried out during the summers 2016 and 2017, and a follow‐up sampling was performed in 2018. Carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) flight activity was monitored and carrots were sampled at 25 points within the field. Early in the season a clear spatial correlation was found between the sampling sites showing the psyllid feeding damage, that is, leaf‐curling, up to the range of 40–60 m, indicating aggregation behaviour of the psyllids. No CLso infections were detected in the first sampling, which was performed before the psyllid flight peak in both years. Later, a positive correlation between the psyllid feeding damage and the CLso titre was observed. An increase in the CLso titre occurred approximately a month after the psyllid flight peak, and this increase correlated with the accumulating effective temperature sum. In 2016, both the psyllid feeding damage and CLso infection had a significant effect on the carrot root weight. The effect of CLso titre on root weight was nonlinear, that is, it intensified rapidly at the highest bacterial titres. During the colder summer of 2017 the CLso titres did not reach high enough levels in the plants to cause substantial visible symptoms and root growth reduction. Thus, it seems that in the Nordic conditions the effect of CLso infection on carrot yield is strongly dependent on the weather conditions during the growing season.

中文翻译：

在田间条件下，Trioza apicalis的传播和“ Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”感染在胡萝卜上的发展

欧洲的胡萝卜种植正受到木虱传播的细菌病原体“ L. Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”（CLso）的感染。在这项研究中，在芬兰进行了田间试验，以分别测量木虱饲喂损害和CLso感染对胡萝卜根生长的影响，并揭示CLso在田间传播的动态。大多数实验在2016年和2017年夏季进行，并在2018年进行了后续采样。胡萝卜木虱（Trioza apicalis）监视飞行活动，并在田间的25个点采样胡萝卜。在季节早期，在采样点之间发现了明显的空间相关性，显示出木虱的进食损害，即卷叶，直至40-60 m的范围，表明木虱的聚集行为。在第一个采样中未检测到CLso感染，这是在两年中木桩飞行高峰之前进行的。后来，观察到木虱的进食损伤与CLso滴度之间呈正相关。在木星飞行峰值后约一个月，CLso滴度增加，并且该增加与累积的有效温度和相关。在2016年，木虱的进食损害和CLso感染均对胡萝卜根重产生了显着影响。CLso滴度对根重的影响是非线性的，也就是说，在最高细菌滴度时它会迅速增强。在2017年最寒冷的夏天，植物的CLso滴度未达到足够高的水平，无法引起明显的可见症状和根系生长减少。因此，似乎在北欧条件下，CLso感染对胡萝卜产量的影响很大程度上取决于生长季节的天气条件。

更新日期：2020-09-22

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