The recovery of offshore wind farm wakes in the German Bight was analyzed by a unique in situ data set, measured on‐board the research aircraft Dornier Do‐128 during the WIPAFF project in 2016 and 2017. These observations were used to validate a simple analytical wake recovery model in five case studies. The observed recovery rates were compared with the results of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The airborne data show that the wake recovery can be described by an exponential function as expected by the analytical model and strengthens the hypothesis that the vertical downward moment flux has an important influence on the wake recovery. However, the predicted wake recovery rates (by the analytical model) do not always fully agree with the observations. Although, as a first‐order approximation, the model seems to perform well, further optimization has to be implemented to account for wind park layout, turbine induced turbulence, and horizontal momentum flux. WRF simulations reveal an exponential recovery, although the mesoscale model does not reproduce the correct atmospheric conditions for most of the cases. Therefore, the wake recovery rates estimated by WRF disagree with the measured data in most of the studied cases.

中文翻译：

---

通过现场数据和天气研究与预报模拟评估海上风电场尾流恢复的简单分析模型

通过在2016年和2017年WIPAFF项目期间在研究飞机Dornier Do-128上测量的独特原位数据集，分析了德国湾的海上风电场尾流的恢复情况。这些观察结果用于验证简单的分析结果五个案例研究中的唤醒恢复模型。将观察到的回收率与中尺度天气研究和预报（WRF）模型的结果进行比较。机载数据表明，可以通过解析模型所期望的指数函数来描述尾流恢复，并加强了垂直向下矩通量对尾流恢复具有重要影响的假设。但是，预测的尾流恢复率（通过分析模型）并不总是与观测值完全一致。虽然，作为一阶近似值，该模型似乎运行良好，必须进行进一步优化以考虑风场布局，涡轮机引起的湍流和水平动量通量。WRF模拟显示出指数恢复，尽管在大多数情况下，中尺度模型无法再现正确的大气条件。因此，在大多数研究案例中，由WRF估算的唤醒恢复率与实测数据不一致。