Digital elevation models (DEMs) and their derived parameters play an important role in geosciences. When upscaling, the influence of the upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters has not been systematically studied. In this study, slope is taken as an example to explore the effect of upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters. The meaning of upscaling is converting the data from finer resolution to coarser resolution. The two upscaling procedures of EES (elevation to elevation first, then elevation to slope) and ESS (elevation to slope first, then slope to slope) combined with four aggregation rules of maximum, mean, median, and minimum were used to obtain the slope result at the desired resolution in plain, hill, and mountain areas. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the upscaling procedure significantly affected slope accuracy at the desired resolution. To obtain the slope result with higher accuracy during upscaling, it was recommended that the upscaling procedure of ESS combined with the mean or median aggregation rule was adopted whatever the terrain complexity. This study can be applied for the selection of upscaling procedure and aggregation rule in the upscaling of slope and it warns us to pay more attention to the upscaling procedure when obtaining the DEM‐derived parameters at multi‐resolutions.

中文翻译：

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某些放大程序对数字高程模型得出的边坡的影响

数字高程模型（DEM）及其派生参数在地球科学中起着重要作用。升级时，尚未系统研究升级程序对DEM派生参数准确性的影响。在这项研究中，斜率以一个例子为例，探讨了升级程序对DEM派生参数准确性的影响。升级的含义是将数据从较高分辨率转换为较高分辨率。使用EES（先高程到高程，然后是高程到坡度）和ESS（高程到坡度，然后是坡度到坡度）的两个放大过程，结合四个最大值，平均值，中位数和最小值的聚合规则来获得斜率。在平原，丘陵和山区获得所需的分辨率。从实验结果可以得出结论，在所需的分辨率下，按比例放大程序会明显影响边坡精度。为了在放大过程中以更高的精度获得斜率结果，建议无论地形复杂程度如何，都应采用ESS的升频程序结合均值或中值聚合规则。这项研究可用于坡度放大过程中放大过程的选择和聚集规则的选择，它警告我们在获得多分辨率的DEM派生参数时应更加注意放大过程。