Pollen morphology and viability of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) species by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,Microscopy Research and Technique

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Pollen morphology and viability of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) species by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23601
Sandra de Oliveira Souza ₁ , Rafaelle Souza de Oliveira ₁ , Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme Aona ₁ , Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza _{1,

2} , Taliane Leila Soares ₃ , Mônica Lanzoni Rossi ₄ , Everton Hilo de Souza ₁

Affiliation

Tillandsia is the bromeliad genus containing the largest number of species, with wide geographic dispersion and an important ecological role in the ecosystems. Investigations of pollen morphology are important to support taxonomic and conservation studies as well as to choose promising species for cross‐pollination to obtain hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology, production, and viability of pollen grains of 24 Tillandsia species that naturally occur in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Pollen grains were acetolized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The pollen were germinated in vitro in two culture media (BM and BKM) and collected at three floral development stages (pre‐anthesis, anthesis and post‐anthesis). Pollen viability also was analyzed by staining with Alexander's solution and acetocarmine in three floral development stages. Variations in the ornamentation and size of the pollen were observed among the species studied, with the majority having medium size, while T. polystachia and T. juncea had large grains and the subgenera Diaphoranthema and Phytarrhiza had small grains. The pollen of the majority of species had bilateral symmetry, with a single irregularly shaped colpus, semitectate exine and reticulated‐heterobrochate surface. The pollen presented high germination percentage, tube length and viability according to the histochemistry, except for T. recurvata, T. usneoides and T. loliacea. The BKM medium and collection of pollen during anthesis produced the best results for the Tillandsia species. The results can support studies of the taxonomy and conservation of these species, which have great environmental importance and high value for ornamental purposes.

中文翻译：

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察风衣草（凤梨科）物种的花粉形态和活力

铁兰是凤梨科植物中种类最多的属，地理分布广，在生态系统中具有重要的生态作用。花粉形态研究对于支持分类学和保护研究以及选择有希望的异花授粉物种以获得杂种非常重要。本研究的目的是评估 24 种铁兰花粉粒的形态、产量和活力。天然存在于巴西巴伊亚州的物种。花粉粒被丙酮醇化并通过扫描电子显微镜进行分析。花粉在两种培养基（BM 和 BKM）中体外萌发，并在三个花发育阶段（花前、花期和花后）收集。还通过在三个花发育阶段用亚历山大溶液和乙酰胭脂红染色来分析花粉活力。在所研究的物种中观察到花粉的纹饰和大小的变化，其中大多数具有中等大小，而T. polystachia和T. juncea具有大颗粒和亚属Diaphoranthema和Phytarrhiza有小颗粒。大多数物种的花粉具有双侧对称性，具有单个不规则形状的花冠、半直立壁和网状异针状表面。除了T. recurvata、T. usneoides和T. loliacea外，根据组织化学，花粉表现出较高的发芽率、管长和活力。BKM 培养基和开花期间的花粉收集对铁兰物种产生了最好的结果。结果可以支持对这些物种的分类和保护研究，这些物种具有重要的环境重要性和观赏价值。

更新日期：2020-09-21

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