Ethanol exposure to the fetus during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These disorders vary in severity, can affect multiple organ systems, and can lead to lifelong disabilities. Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is common in FASD, and can result in altered behavior and cognition. The incidence of FASD is alarmingly high, resulting in significant personal and societal costs. There are no cures for FASD. Alcohol can directly alter the function of neurons in the developing CNS. In addition, ethanol can alter the function of CNS glial cells including microglia and astrocytes which normally maintain homeostasis in the CNS. These glial cells can function as resident immune cells in the CNS to protect against pathogens and other insults. However, activation of glia can also damage CNS cells and lead to aberrant CNS function. Ethanol exposure to the developing brain can result in the activation of glia and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to the pathology associated with FASD. This suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may be effective in the treatment of FASD.

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小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在胎儿酒精谱系障碍中的神经炎症作用

怀孕期间胎儿接触乙醇会导致胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD)。这些疾病的严重程度各不相同，可能影响多个器官系统，并可能导致终身残疾。中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤在 FASD 中很常见，并可能导致行为和认知改变。FASD 的发病率高得惊人，导致巨大的个人和社会成本。FASD 无法治愈。酒精可以直接改变发育中的中枢神经系统中神经元的功能。此外，乙醇可以改变 CNS 神经胶质细胞的功能，包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞，它们通常维持 CNS 的稳态。这些神经胶质细胞可以作为中枢神经系统中的常驻免疫细胞发挥作用，以防止病原体和其他损伤。然而，神经胶质细胞的激活也会损害中枢神经系统细胞并导致中枢神经系统功能异常。乙醇暴露于发育中的大脑会导致神经胶质细胞和神经炎症的激活，这可能导致与 FASD 相关的病理学。这表明抗炎剂可能对治疗 FASD 有效。