The Indus‐Yarlung suture of southernmost Tibet marks the initial collisional zone, the ongoing India‐Asia collision, and yet more than ~30 million years after the onset of collision, a thick detrital sedimentary unit was deposited just north of the suture: the Kailas Formation. The mechanism permitting subsidence of the deep intracontinental Kailas basin in a compressional tectonic regime remains uncertain. We present new apatite (16–11 Ma) and zircon (24–19 Ma) fission track (AFT and ZFT) ages from the Gangdese batholith just north of the Kailas basin. ZFT analysis of modern‐river sand from the northern Gangdese magmatic arc indicates an exhumation at 27.3 ± 1.3 Ma. Thermal modeling indicates that the batholith experienced reheating between 28 and 20 Ma, coeval with deposition in the Kailas basin (between 26 and 21 Ma), followed by overall rapid cooling between 20 and 17 Ma. We interpret this thermal history as a phase of regional Oligocene‐Miocene sedimentary burial followed by exhumation. By modeling mantle dynamics in the geodynamic framework of the India‐Asia collision, we show that transient dynamic topography over the relative southward folding of the Indian slab is consistent with burial and exhumation of the Gangdese magmatic arc during Oligocene‐Miocene time. The northward migration of the Indian continent relative to its own stati onary slab created a wave of dynamic topography that caused subsidence in the overriding plate north of the Himalaya, followed by a phase of surface uplift since ~27 Ma of the northern Gangdese magmatic arc. During latest Oligocene‐early Miocene time, the dynamic deflection center was in the Kailas area, and it progressively relocated southward to its present position at the Ganges basin.

中文翻译：

---

印度俯冲动力诱发最南端的中新世沉降和地表隆升

最南端的印度－雅隆缝线标志着最初的碰撞带，持续的印亚碰撞，在碰撞发生后约三千万年，在缝线北侧沉积了厚厚的碎屑沉积单元：凯拉斯编队。在压缩构造条件下允许深部陆内凯拉斯盆地下陷的机制尚不确定。我们从凯拉斯盆地以北的冈底斯岩床提出了新的磷灰石（16-11 Ma）和锆石（24-19 Ma）裂变径迹（AFT和ZFT）年龄。对冈底斯北部岩浆弧现代河砂的ZFT分析表明，在27.3±1.3 Ma处有一个发掘。热模型表明，岩床经历了28至20 Ma的再加热，与凯拉斯盆地（26至21 Ma之间）的沉积同时发生，然后在20到17 Ma之间进行整体快速冷却。我们将这种热史解释为区域渐新世-中新世沉积埋葬然后进行掘尸的阶段。通过在印度—亚洲碰撞的地球动力学框架中对地幔动力学进行建模，我们表明，印度板块相对向南折叠的瞬态动态地形与渐新世—中新世时期冈底斯岩浆弧的埋葬和掘出是一致的。印度大陆相对于其自身的地层板北移，形成了一波动态地形波，在喜马拉雅山以北的上覆板块下陷，随后是冈底斯北部岩浆弧〜27 Ma以来的一个表面隆升阶段。在最近的渐新世-早中新世时期，动力偏转中心位于凯拉斯地区，