The range anxiety has been a major factor that affects the market acceptance of electric vehicles. Even with the recent development of battery technologies, a lack of charging stations and range anxiety are still significant concerns, specifically for intercity trips. This calls for more investments in building charging stations and advancing battery technologies to increase the market share of electric vehicles and improve sustainability. This study suggests a configuration for plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure to support long-distance intercity trips of electric vehicles at the network level. A model is proposed to minimize the total system cost including infrastructure investment (building charging stations/spots) and travel time delays (charging time, waiting time in the queue, and detour time to access charging stations). This study fills existing gaps in the literature by capturing realistic patterns of travel demand and considering flow-dependent charging delays at charging stations. Furthermore, the proposed model, which is formulated as a mixed-integer program with nonlinear constraints, solves the optimization problem at the network level. At the network level, impacts of charging station locations on the traffic assignment problem with a mixed fleet of electric and conventional vehicles need to be considered. To this end, a traffic assignment module is integrated with a simulated annealing algorithm. The numerical experiments show a satisfactory application of the model for a full-scale case study (intercity network in Michigan). The solution quality and efficiency of the proposed solution algorithm are evaluated against those of an enumeration approach for a small case study. The results suggest that even for the current market share and charging stations’ setting, a significant investment is needed to support intercity trips without range anxiety issues and with acceptable delays. Furthermore, through sensitivity analyses, the required infrastructure and battery investments to support intercity trips with acceptable delays are established for hypothetical increased market shares and battery size in the future.

范围焦虑一直是影响电动汽车市场接受度的主要因素。即使随着电池技术的最新发展，仍然缺少充电站和范围焦虑，特别是对于城市间旅行。这要求在建设充电站和发展电池技术方面进行更多投资，以增加电动汽车的市场份额并提高可持续性。这项研究提出了一种插电式电动汽车充电基础设施的配置，以支持网络级别的电动汽车的长途城际旅行。提出了一个模型来最小化总系统成本，包括基础设施投资（建设充电站/站点）和行驶时间延迟（充电时间，排队等候时间以及到充电站的de回时间）。这项研究通过捕捉现实的出行需求模式并考虑充电站流量相关的充电延迟来填补文献中的空白。此外，提出的模型被公式化为具有非线性约束的混合整数程序，解决了网络级的优化问题。在网络一级，需要考虑充电站位置对电动和传统车辆混合车队的交通分配问题的影响。为此，将交通分配模块与模拟退火算法集成在一起。数值实验表明该模型在大规模案例研究（密歇根州的城市间网络）中具有令人满意的应用。针对小案例研究，针对枚举方法评估了所提出解决方案算法的解决方案质量和效率。结果表明，即使对于当前的市场份额和充电站的设置，也需要大量投资来支持城际旅行，而不会出现里程焦虑问题，并且可以接受延迟。此外，通过敏感性分析，为将来可能增加的市场份额和电池容量建立了支持城际旅行所需的基础设施和电池投资，以支持可接受的延迟。