As cancer poses a significant threat to the well-being of humans on a global scale, many researchers have embarked on the search for effective anticancer therapeutic agents. In recent years, many drugs have been shown to have extraordinary anticancer effects. However, in a lot of cases the treatment is accompanied by undesirable side effects due to some intrinsic properties linked to the therapeutic agents, such as poor targeting selectivity and short half-life in the circulation. In this regard, extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse family of natural cell-derived vesicles, steal the show as potential anticancer immunotherapy or delivery vectors of anticancer agents since they are an innate mechanism of intercellular communication. Here, we describe some of the most hotly-debated issues regarding the use of EVs as anticancer therapeutics. First, we review the biology of EVs providing the most up-to-date definition of EVs as well as highlighting their circulation kinetics and homing properties. Next, we share our views on popular methods reported for EV isolation, characterization, and functional analysis. Pioneering and innovative reports along with emerging challenges in the field of EV imaging and EV drug loading strategies are then discussed. Finally, we examine in detail the therapeutic application of EVs in cancer treatment, including their role in cancer immunotherapy and as natural delivery systems for anticancer agents including natural compounds such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. We consider standardised protocols and proper analytical approaches to be crucial in improving the reproducibility and rigor in EV research and ensuring the successful translation of EVs as anticancer therapeutics.

由于癌症在全球范围内对人类福祉构成重大威胁，因此许多研究人员已着手寻找有效的抗癌治疗剂。近年来，许多药物已被证明具有非凡的抗癌作用。然而，在许多情况下，由于与治疗剂相关的一些内在特性，例如靶向选择性差和循环中的半衰期短，治疗伴随着不良副作用。在这方面，细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是一个多样化的天然细胞衍生囊泡家族，作为潜在的抗癌免疫疗法或抗癌药物的传递载体抢尽风头，因为它们是细胞间通讯的先天机制。在这里，我们描述了关于将电动汽车用作抗癌疗法的一些最热门的问题。第一的，我们回顾了电动汽车的生物学，提供了电动汽车的最新定义，并强调了它们的循环动力学和归巢特性。接下来，我们分享我们对 EV 隔离、表征和功能分析的流行方法的看法。然后讨论了开创性和创新报告以及 EV 成像和 EV 载药策略领域的新挑战。最后，我们详细研究了 EV 在癌症治疗中的治疗应用，包括它们在癌症免疫治疗中的作用以及作为抗癌剂（包括紫杉醇和多柔比星等天然化合物）的天然递送系统。