This study has evaluated the efficiency of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for the remediation of soil and groundwater containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). It was conducted via different treatment methods (batch experiments, column tests, and a permeable reactive barrier (PRB)) system. The combinative studies could be used to develop a more effective remediation technique. The chemical reactions that occurred upon mixing nZVI and contaminants provided the batch experiments, leading to rapid reduction of the explosives. There was a decrease in the removal efficiency from 95% to less than 30% for the batch experiments, which was due to the lake of stirring facilities in the column test, PRB system, and the interaction of the soil and explosives with nZVI. Kinetics studies indicated a more significant and rapid degradation of TNT than that of RDX and HMX, which was consistent with the lower activation energy of TNT. The X-ray spectroscopy results highlighted that during the reduction process, nZVI was transformed into core-shell structures with Fe(0) core and Fe₃O₄ shell. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) tests depicted the decomposition of explosive contaminants into simple elements, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, over cleavage of the ring structure.

这项研究评估了零价铁纳米粒子（nZVI）修复含有2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT），1,3,5-三硝基过氢-1,3,5-三嗪（ RDX）和1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑烷（HMX）。它是通过不同的处理方法（批处理实验，柱测试和可渗透反应性屏障（PRB））进行的。组合研究可用于开发更有效的修复技术。混合nZVI和污染物后发生的化学反应提供了批处理实验，从而导致爆炸物的快速还原。对于分批实验，去除效率从95％降低到不到30％，这是由于在柱测试，PRB系统，以及土壤和炸药与nZVI的相互作用。动力学研究表明，与RDX和HMX相比，TNT的降解更为迅速明显，这与TNT的活化能较低相符。X射线光谱学结果突出表明，在还原过程中，nZVI转变为具有Fe（0）核和Fe的核-壳结构₃ O ₄壳。高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC / MS）测试描述了爆炸性污染物由于环结构的裂解而分解为简单的元素，例如二氧化碳，一氧化二氮和甲烷。