This study aimed to investigate the real-time nanoleakage and flow characteristics of calcium silicate-based (Ca–Si) root canal filling materials. Extracted human teeth (n = 30) were decoronated and standardized in their inner and outer dimensions. After root canal enlargement, the roots were filled with gutta-percha (GP) and AH26 sealer, GP and EndoSeal MTA sealer, or Biodentine. The roots were connected to a Nanoflow device (IB Systems) under hydrostatic pressure (40 cm∙H₂O) and fluid flow was traced through the filled roots. Data were detected at the nanoscale twice per second and automatically recorded in units of nL/s. Leakage was quantified as the mean slope until the curve plateaued over time, and all static flow intervals lasting longer than 1 s were analyzed to identify any increase in flow and duration. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The calculated leakage values were 0.0670 ± 0.0516 nL/s for GP/AH26, 0.1397 ± 0.1579 nL/s for GP/EndoSeal MTA, and 0.0358 ± 0.0538 nL/s for Biodentine, with no statistically significant differences among the root filling materials (P > 0.05). An analysis of real-time flow data for 1000 s to identify spot trends and the overall tendency of flow until a plateau was reached revealed a stepwise increase in the roots filled with Ca–Si material, whereas the GP/AH26-filled roots showed a linear increase. Real-time measurements under hydrostatic pressure with the Nanoflow device enabled precise fluid flow tracing through the root canal filling material. In terms of nanoleakage, the tested root canal filling materials showed no significant differences, while the real-time flow patterns of roots filled with Ca–Si material showed different characteristics from those of GP/AH26-filled roots.

这项研究旨在调查硅酸钙基（Ca–Si）根管充填材料的实时纳米泄漏和流动特性。对拔出的人类牙齿（n  = 30）进行内部和外部尺寸的装饰和标准化。根管扩大后，用牙胶（GP）和AH26封闭剂，GP和EndoSeal MTA封闭剂或Biodentine填充根部。根部在静水压力（40 cm∙H ₂）下连接到Nanoflow设备（IB Systems）O），并通过填充的根部追​​踪流体流动。每秒两次以纳米级检测数据，并以nL / s为单位自动记录。将泄漏量量化为平均斜率，直到曲线随时间稳定，并分析了所有持续时间超过1 s的静态流量间隔，以识别流量和持续时间的任何增加。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验对数据进行统计分析。对于GP / AH26，计算的泄漏值为0.0670±0.0516 nL / s，对于GP / EndoSeal MTA，计算的泄漏值为0.1397±0.1579 nL / s，对于Biodentine，为0.0358±0.0538 nL / s，根填充材料之间无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。对1000 s的实时流量数据进行分析以发现斑点趋势和总体流量趋势，直到达到平稳状态为止，结果表明，填充Ca-Si物质的根部逐步增加，而GP / AH26填充的根部显示出线性增加。利用Nanoflow设备在静水压力下进行实时测量，可以精确追踪通过根管充填材料的流体流。就纳米渗漏而言，测试的根管充填材料没有显着差异，而用Ca-Si材料充填的根的实时流动模式与GP / AH26充填的根表现出不同的特性。