This study aimed to examine the effects of gaseous formaldehyde exposure on male Sprague-Dawley rat cognitive functions and synaptic protein expression, as well as the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol. Behavioral indices included the open-field test, Morris water maze (MWM), and step-down passive avoidance test. Cortical and hippocampal neurogranin (Ng), Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and protein kinase C (PKC) mRNA expression and Ng protein expression were measured. In a dose-dependent manner, formaldehyde led to reduced exploratory behavior (open-field), deficits in learning and memory (MWM and step-down avoidance test), and reduced expression of Ng, CaMKII, and PKC mRNA, as well as Ng protein. Resveratrol reduced changes observed in formaldehyde-exposed rats. In summary, formaldehyde dose-dependently impaired cognitive functions reduced exploratory behavior and resulted in the downregulation of synaptic proteins. These effects were partially preventable by 40 mg/kg resveratrol. The effects of formaldehyde on the central nervous system may warrant further investigation in humans.

本研究旨在探讨气态甲醛暴露对雄性斯普拉格道利大鼠认知功能和突触蛋白表达的影响，以及白藜芦醇的神经保护作用。行为指标包括旷场测试、莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）和降压被动回避测试。测量皮质和海马神经粒蛋白 ( Ng )、Ca ²⁺ /钙调蛋白依赖性激酶 II ( CaMKII ) 和蛋白激酶 C ( PKC ) mRNA 表达和 Ng 蛋白表达。甲醛以剂量依赖性方式导致探索行为减少（开放场）、学习和记忆缺陷（MWM 和降压回避测试）以及 Ng、CaMKII 和 PKC mRNA 以及 Ng 的表达减少蛋白质。白藜芦醇减少了暴露于甲醛的大鼠中观察到的变化。总之，甲醛剂量依赖性地损害认知功能，减少探索行为并导致突触蛋白下调。 40 mg/kg 白藜芦醇可以部分预防这些影响。甲醛对中枢神经系统的影响可能值得在人类中进行进一步研究。