Abstract This paper presents a two stage optimization approach for solving the excessive network fault currents and resetting of overcurrent relays based on Adaptive Protection Scheme (APS) concept. The first stage consists of Fault Current Limiter (FCL) optimization to restore fault currents within Circuit Breaker (CB) thermal capacity whether caused by Distributed Generation (DG) or not. The second stage consists of Directional Overcurrent Relay (DOCR) coordination based on the adaptive protection concept to reset DOCR in order to function properly in presence of FCL and DG. This is of great importance since FCL may cause over limitation of fault current during minimum load operation which may degrade DOCR performance. The optimization process has been achieved by formulating both the FCL sizing and location problem and DOCR coordination problem using Differential Evolution Multi-Objective (DEMO) algorithm. The proposal has effectively re-coordinated the DOCRs contemplating the effects of FCLs and DGs which mitigated the faults surpassing CB thermal limit, DOCR miscoordination and degraded performance caused by FCL over limitation.

中文翻译：

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分布式电源存在下差分进化多目标算法自适应保护复位的两级故障限流器和方向过流继电器优化

摘要 本文提出了一种基于自适应保护方案（APS）概念的两阶段优化方法，用于解决网络故障电流过大和过流继电器复位问题。第一阶段包括故障电流限制器 (FCL) 优化，以恢复断路器 (CB) 热容量内的故障电流，无论是否由分布式发电 (DG) 引起。第二阶段包括基于自适应保护概念的定向过流继电器 (DOCR) 协调，以重置 DOCR，以便在存在 FCL 和 DG 时正常运行。这非常重要，因为 FCL 可能会在最小负载操作期间导致故障电流的过度限制，这可能会降低 DOCR 性能。优化过程是通过使用差分进化多目标 (DEMO) 算法制定 FCL 大小和位置问题以及 DOCR 协调问题来实现的。该提案有效地重新协调了 DOCR，考虑了 FCL 和 DG 的影响，从而减轻了超过 CB 热极限的故障、DOCR 协调不当和 FCL 过度限制引起的性能下降。