As anthropogenic degradation of biodiversity and ecosystems increases, so does the potential threat to the supply of ecosystem services, a key contribution of nature to people. Biodiversity has often been used in spatial conservation planning and has been regarded as one among multiple services delivered by ecosystems. Hence, biodiversity conservation planning should be integrated in a framework of prioritizing services in order to inform decision-making. Here, we propose a prioritization approach based on scenarios maximising both the provision of ecosystem services and the conservation of biodiversity hotspots. Different weighting scenarios for the α-diversity in four taxonomic groups and 10 mapped ecosystem services were used to simulate varying priorities of policymakers in a mountain region. Our results illustrate how increasing priorities to ecosystem services can be disadvantageous to biodiversity. Moreover, the analysis to identify priority areas that best compromise the conservation of α-diversity and ecosystem services are predominantly not located within the current protected area network. Our analyses stress the need for an appropriate weighting of biodiversity within decision making that seek to integrate multiple ecosystem services. Our study paves the way toward further integration of multiple biodiversity groups and components, ecosystem services and various socio-economic scenarios, ultimately fuelling the development of more informed, evidence-based spatial planning decisions for conservation.

随着人为生物多样性和生态系统退化的加剧，对生态系统服务供应的潜在威胁也在增加，这是自然对人类的重要贡献。生物多样性经常被用于空间保护规划，并被视为生态系统提供的多种服务之一。因此，应将生物多样性保护规划纳入优先服务框架内，以便为决策提供依据。在此，我们基于最大程度地提供生态系统服务和保护生物多样性热点的方案，提出了一种优先排序方法。使用四个生物分类组和10个映射的生态系统服务中的α多样性的不同加权方案来模拟山区决策者的不同优先级。我们的结果表明，日益增加的生态系统服务优先重点可能不利于生物多样性。此外，确定最能妥善保护α多样性和生态系统服务的优先领域的分析主要不在当前的保护区网络之内。我们的分析强调了在决策中寻求整合多种生态系统服务的生物多样性的适当权重的必要性。我们的研究为进一步整合多种生物多样性群体和组成部分，生态系统服务和各种社会经济情景铺平了道路，最终推动了更加知情的，循证的空间规划决策的发展。进行分析以找出最能妥善保护α多样性和生态系统服务的优先区域，这些区域主要不在当前的保护区网络之内。我们的分析强调了在决策中寻求整合多种生态系统服务的生物多样性的适当权重的必要性。我们的研究为进一步整合多种生物多样性群体和组成部分，生态系统服务和各种社会经济情景铺平了道路，最终推动了更加知情的，循证的空间规划决策的发展。进行分析以找出最能妥善保护α多样性和生态系统服务的优先区域，这些区域主要不在当前的保护区网络之内。我们的分析强调了在决策中寻求整合多种生态系统服务的生物多样性的适当权重的必要性。我们的研究为进一步整合多种生物多样性群体和组成部分，生态系统服务和各种社会经济情景铺平了道路，最终推动了更加知情的，循证的空间规划决策的发展。我们的分析强调了在决策中寻求整合多种生态系统服务的生物多样性的适当权重的必要性。我们的研究为进一步整合多种生物多样性群体和组成部分，生态系统服务和各种社会经济情景铺平了道路，最终推动了更加知情的，循证的空间规划决策的发展。我们的分析强调了在决策中寻求整合多种生态系统服务的生物多样性的适当权重的必要性。我们的研究为进一步整合多种生物多样性群体和组成部分，生态系统服务和各种社会经济情景铺平了道路，最终推动了更加知情的，循证的空间规划决策的发展。