Categorization involves forming equivalence classes of discriminable entities, whereas category-based induction (CBI) involves employing categorical knowledge to generalize novel properties. Previous studies have suggested either common or distinctive cognitive processing between categorization and CBI. However, no study has compared cognitive processes with the same stimuli sets using event-related potentials (ERPs), which help to determine the cognitive processes with a high temporal solution. In this study, we compared the ERP responses to categorization and CBI using two separate experiments (i.e., generic and specific conclusions), with the same task materials. Results from both experiments identified distinctive cognitive processing between categorization and CBI based on a greater proportion of “definitely” responses and smaller amplitudes of sustained negativity during categorization. These observations suggest that categorization involves decreased conflict monitoring and control than CBI under single-premise conditions. Contrastingly, categorization and CBI elicited similar FN400 amplitudes in both experiments, which suggests a common cognitive process between them. These findings present the common and distinctive cognitive processes between categorization and CBI.

分类涉及形成可区分实体的等价类，而基于类别的归纳 (CBI) 涉及使用分类知识来概括新属性。以前的研究表明分类和 CBI 之间存在共同或独特的认知过程。然而，没有研究使用事件相关电位 (ERP) 将认知过程与相同刺激集进行比较，这有助于确定具有高时间解决方案的认知过程。在这项研究中，我们使用相同的任务材料，使用两个独立的实验（即通用和特定结论）比较了 ERP 对分类和 CBI 的反应。两个实验的结果都基于更大比例的“肯定”反应和更小的持续消极情绪在分类过程中确定了分类和 CBI 之间独特的认知过程。这些观察结果表明，在单一前提条件下，与 CBI 相比，分类涉及减少冲突监控和控制。相比之下，分类和 CBI 在两个实验中都引起了相似的 FN400 振幅，这表明它们之间存在共同的认知过程。这些发现展示了分类和 CBI 之间共同和独特的认知过程。分类和 CBI 在两个实验中都引起了相似的 FN400 振幅，这表明它们之间存在共同的认知过程。这些发现展示了分类和 CBI 之间共同和独特的认知过程。分类和 CBI 在两个实验中都引起了相似的 FN400 振幅，这表明它们之间存在共同的认知过程。这些发现展示了分类和 CBI 之间共同和独特的认知过程。