Abstract Contemporary measurements of carbon (C) accumulation rates in peatlands around the world often show the C sink to be stronger on average than at times in the past. Alteration of global nutrient cycles could be contributing to elevated carbon accumulation in the present day. Here we examine the effect of volcanic inputs of nutrients on peatland C accumulation in Moanatuatua Bog, New Zealand, by examining a high-resolution Late Holocene C accumulation record during which powerful volcanic eruptions occurred, depositing two visible rhyolitic tephra layers (Taupo, 232 ± 10 CE; Kaharoa, 1314 ± 12 CE). Carbon accumulation rates since c. 50 CE, well before any human presence, increased from a background rate of 23 g C m−2 yr−1 up to 110 g C m−2 yr−1 following the deposition of the Taupo Tephra, and 84 g C m−2 yr−1 following the deposition of the Kaharoa Tephra. Smaller but nevertheless marked increases in C accumulation additionally occurred in association with the deposition of three andesitic-dacitic cryptotephras (each ≤ ∼1 mm thick) of the Tufa Trig Formation between the Taupo and Kaharoa events. These five periods of elevated C uptake, especially those associated with the relatively thick Taupo and Kaharoa tephras, were accompanied by shifts in nutrient stoichiometry, indicating that there was greater availability of phosphorus (P) relative to nitrogen (N) and C during the period of high C uptake. Such P was almost certainly derived from volcanic sources, with P being present in the volcanic glass at Moanatuatua, and many of the eruptions described being associated with the local deposition of the P rich mineral apatite. We found peatland C accumulation to be tightly coupled to N and P accumulation, suggesting nutrient inputs exert a strong control on rates of peat accumulation. Nutrient stoichiometry indicated a strong ability to recover P within the ecosystem, with C:P ratios being higher than most other peatlands in the literature. We conclude that nutrient inputs, deriving from volcanic eruptions, have been very important for C accumulation rates in the past. Therefore, the elevated nutrient inputs occurring in the present day could offer a more plausible explanation, as opposed to a climatic component, for observed high contemporary C accumulation in New Zealand peatlands.

中文翻译：

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新西兰晚全新世火山灰沉积后泥炭地的快速碳积累

摘要 世界各地泥炭地碳 (C) 积累率的当代测量结果通常表明，平均而言，碳汇比过去的时候要强。全球养分循环的改变可能导致当今碳积累增加。在这里，我们研究了火山输入养分对新西兰 Moanatuatua Bog 泥炭地 C 积累的影响，通过检查高分辨率晚期全新世 C 积累记录，在此期间发生了强大的火山喷发，沉积了两个可见的流纹质火山灰层（陶波，232 ±公元 10 年；卡哈罗阿，公元 1314 ± 12 年）。自 c 以来的碳积累率。50 CE，早在任何人类存在之前，在陶波火山灰沉积后，背景速率从 23 g C m-2 yr-1 增加到 110 g C m-2 yr-1，Kaharoa Tephra 沉积后的 84 g C m-2 yr-1。在陶波和 Kaharoa 事件之间，与 Tufa Trig 地层的三个安山岩-英安岩隐石（每个 ≤ 1 毫米厚）的沉积有关，还发生了较小但仍然显着的 C 积累增加。这五个 C 吸收升高的时期，尤其是那些与相对厚的陶波和 Kaharoa tephras 相关的时期，伴随着养分化学计量的变化，表明在此期间磷（P）相对于氮（N）和 C 的可用性更高高 C 吸收。这种磷几乎可以肯定来自火山源，磷存在于莫阿纳图阿的火山玻璃中，并且描述的许多喷发与富含磷的矿物磷灰石的局部沉积有关。我们发现泥炭地 C 积累与 N 和 P 积累紧密耦合，这表明养分输入对泥炭积累率有很强的控制作用。养分化学计量表明在生态系统内恢复 P 的能力很强，C:P 比率高于文献中的大多数其他泥炭地。我们得出的结论是，源自火山爆发的养分输入在过去对 C 积累率非常重要。因此，与气候因素相反，今天发生的营养输入增加可以为观察到的新西兰泥炭地当代高碳积累提供更合理的解释。养分化学计量表明在生态系统内恢复 P 的能力很强，C:P 比率高于文献中的大多数其他泥炭地。我们得出的结论是，源自火山爆发的养分输入在过去对 C 积累率非常重要。因此，与气候因素相反，今天发生的营养输入增加可以为新西兰泥炭地中观察到的高碳积累提供更合理的解释。养分化学计量表明在生态系统内恢复 P 的能力很强，C:P 比率高于文献中的大多数其他泥炭地。我们得出的结论是，源自火山爆发的养分输入在过去对 C 积累率非常重要。因此，与气候因素相反，今天发生的营养输入增加可以为新西兰泥炭地中观察到的高碳积累提供更合理的解释。