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Holocene glacier change in the Silvretta Massif (Austrian Alps) constrained by a new 10Be chronology, historical records and modern observations
Quaternary Science Reviews ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106493
Sandra M. Braumann , Joerg M. Schaefer , Stephanie M. Neuhuber , Jürgen M. Reitner , Christopher Lüthgens , Markus Fiebig

Abstract Mountain glaciers are important water resources in Alpine regions and are sensitive to climate change. Reconstructing glacier oscillations improves our understanding of the amplitude and the frequency of climate variability and resolves time periods when the climate system was in transition – from glacial to interglacial conditions at the beginning of the Holocene, and from a naturally controlled system to an anthropogenically influenced system in the course of industrialization. With this study, we contribute a new Holocene mountain glacier chronology from the Eastern European Alps. The study area, the Ochsental in the Silvretta Massif, features pronounced Holocene moraine ridges and is an important catchment for hydropower production. We present 18 new 10Be exposure ages of bedrock outcrops (n = 2) and boulders (n = 16). We complement the 10Be glacier chronology with historical records and instrumental time series and correlate it with pre-existing climate proxy records for capturing ice margin positions at different times during the Holocene. The Ochsental chronology is compared to cosmogenic nuclide moraine records across the European Alps to provide an Alpine-wide perspective on the transition from the Younger Dryas (YD; c. 12.9 to 11.7 ka) to the Holocene (c. 11.7 ka to present). Results show that glaciers in the Ochsental stabilized at the position of a preserved Holocene moraine c. 9.9 ± 0.7 ka after retreating from their Late Glacial position. This Holocene moraine formation interval is concurrent with a cold spell detected in some climate proxy records in the Swiss and Austrian Alps, the Central European Cold Phase 1 (CE-1). Glaciers were presumably much smaller during the Mid-Holocene and readvanced to a position close to the preserved Early Holocene moraine during the Little Ice Age (LIA; c. 1250 to 1850 CE). LIA 10Be ages range from 390 ± 20 yrs to 135 ± 5 yrs and point to multiple advances within this time period with most robust evidence for a culmination during the 18th century. The 10Be record and the historical glacier records overlap and are remarkably consistent, which demonstrates that 10Be surface exposure dating produces reliable ages even for young glacial deposits. Within the last c. 170 years, Ochsentaler glacier has retreated c. 2.3 km, which highlights the impact of recent warming on Alpine mountain glaciers.

中文翻译:

Silvretta Massif(奥地利阿尔卑斯山)的全新世冰川变化受到新的 10Be 年表、历史记录和现代观测的约束

摘要 山地冰川是高寒地区重要的水资源,对气候变化十分敏感。重建冰川振荡提高了我们对气候变率幅度和频率的理解,并解决了气候系统转变的时间段——从全新世开始的冰川到间冰期,以及从自然控制的系统到人为影响的系统在工业化过程中。通过这项研究,我们贡献了来自东欧阿尔卑斯山的全新全新世山地冰川年表。研究区位于 Silvretta 地块的 Ochsental,具有明显的全新世冰碛脊,是水电生产的重要集水区。我们展示了 18 个新的基岩露头 (n = 2) 和巨石 (n = 16) 的 10Be 暴露年龄。我们用历史记录和仪器时间序列补充了 10Be 冰川年表,并将其与预先存在的气候代理记录相关联,以捕获全新世期间不同时间的冰缘位置。将 Ochsental 年表与欧洲阿尔卑斯山的宇宙成因核素冰碛记录进行比较,以提供从新仙女木(YD;约 12.9 至 11.7 ka)到全新世(约 11.7 ka 至今)的整个阿尔卑斯山的视角。结果表明,Ochsental 的冰川稳定在保存完好的全新世冰碛 c 的位置。从晚冰期位置撤退后 9.9 ± 0.7 ka。这个全新世冰碛形成间隔与在瑞士和奥地利阿尔卑斯山的一些气候代理记录中检测到的寒潮同时发生,即中欧寒冷阶段 1 (CE-1)。在中全新世期间,冰川可能要小得多,并且在小冰河时代(LIA;大约公元 1250 年至 1850 年)期间重新上升到靠近保存完好的全新世早期冰碛的位置。LIA 10Be 年龄范围从 390 ± 20 岁到 135 ± 5 岁不等,并指出这一时期内的多项进展,最有力的证据表明在 18 世纪达到顶峰。10Be 记录和历史冰川记录重叠并且非常一致,这表明 10Be 表面暴露测年即使对于年轻的冰川沉积物也能产生可靠的年龄。在最后 c. 170 年来,Ochsentaler 冰川已经退缩 c。2.3 公里,突出了近期变暖对高山冰川的影响。公元 1250 年至 1850 年)。LIA 10Be 年龄范围从 390 ± 20 岁到 135 ± 5 岁不等,并指出这一时期内的多项进展,最有力的证据表明在 18 世纪达到顶峰。10Be 记录和历史冰川记录重叠并且非常一致,这表明 10Be 表面暴露测年即使对于年轻的冰川沉积物也能产生可靠的年龄。在最后 c. 170 年来,Ochsentaler 冰川已经退缩 c。2.3 公里,突出了近期变暖对高山冰川的影响。公元 1250 年至 1850 年)。LIA 10Be 年龄范围从 390 ± 20 岁到 135 ± 5 岁不等,并指出这一时期内的多项进展,最有力的证据表明在 18 世纪达到顶峰。10Be 记录和历史冰川记录重叠并且非常一致,这表明 10Be 表面暴露测年即使对于年轻的冰川沉积物也能产生可靠的年龄。在最后 c. 170 年来,Ochsentaler 冰川已经退缩 c。2.3 公里,突出了近期变暖对高山冰川的影响。这表明即使对于年轻的冰川沉积物,10Be 表面暴露测年也能产生可靠的年龄。在最后 c. 170 年来,Ochsentaler 冰川已经退缩 c。2.3 公里,突出了近期变暖对高山冰川的影响。这表明即使对于年轻的冰川沉积物,10Be 表面暴露测年也能产生可靠的年龄。在最后 c. 170 年来,Ochsentaler 冰川已经退缩 c。2.3 公里,突出了近期变暖对高山冰川的影响。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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