This work discusses the effects of soluble mineral salts on ceramic brick masonry walls at Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, located 780 km from the ocean. To understand this phenomenon, a mapping of the pathologies originating from the effects of soluble mineral salts in Petrolina was carried out and wells were implemented to monitor the underground water supply in five points considered to be where the most frequent occurrence of the phenomenon takes place. Samples of soil, groundwater, bricks affected by the phenomenon and the level of chloride in the atmosphere of these localities were collected and analysed in the laboratory in order to characterize their properties. The results obtained indicate that the building pathological manifestations present in ceramic block walls, located in the study areas, are strongly correlated with the high content of soluble salts observed in the soil and groundwater samples collected than by the amount of chloride content in the atmosphere soluble salt levels. Clay sands are a type of soil more prone to underground water runoff and, because of this feature, provide a more favourable environment for rising moisture that transports soluble mineral salts to the masonry walls accelerating their degradation process.

中文翻译：

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可溶性矿物盐在陶瓷砖砌体中的作用

这项工作讨论了可溶性矿物盐对位于距离海洋 780 公里的巴西伯南布哥州 Petrolina 的陶瓷砖砌体墙的影响。为了解这一现象，我们绘制了源自 Petrolina 中可溶性矿物盐影响的病理图，并在五个被认为是该现象最常发生的地点的水井中进行了地下水供应监测。实验室收集并分析了受该现象影响的土壤、地下水、砖块样品以及这些地区大气中的氯化物含量，以表征它们的特性。结果表明，研究区陶瓷砌块墙体存在建筑病理表现，与在收集的土壤和地下水样品中观察到的高可溶性盐含量密切相关，而不是与大气可溶性盐含量中的氯化物含量密切相关。粘土砂是一种更容易发生地下水径流的土壤，由于这一特性，为增加水分提供了更有利的环境，将可溶性矿物盐输送到砖石墙，加速了它们的降解过程。