Abstract Pile’s excessive internal forces and displacements induced by adjacent tunnelling can cause serious serviceability problems for infrastructure aboveground, emphasizing the necessity for predicting the pile responses during the preliminary tunnel design. This study present extensive finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the passive pile’s lateral stress and deformation development using a centrifuge test study as model validation. An anisotropic soil constitutive model NGI-ADP is employed to simulate the clay’s behaviour, filling the gap of capturing soil’s stress-induced anisotropy characteristics in exploring tunnel-soil-pile interaction problem. For further exploration of construction factors’ effects, the parametric analysis for tunnelling locations, pile service situations and the anisotropic degree are conducted, assessing their influences on tunnelling-induced pile deflection, bending moment, and shaft resistance. The results show despite the conventional ignorance of the soil’s intrinsic anisotropy, it stands as a contributing factor in determining the pile behaviour since the soil displacement field is inevitably dependent on this inherent characteristic. For various pile properties and tunneling locations, some useful suggestions for constructions are drawn to avoid severe damage within the pile body. Moreover, the effect of the pile’s vertical working is revealed to be not critical to its stability when the pile was subject to surrounding disturbance.

中文翻译：

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各向异性黏土相邻掘进被动桩响应研究

摘要 相邻隧道引起的桩的过大内力和位移会导致地上基础设施严重的可使用性问题，强调在初步隧道设计过程中预测桩响应的必要性。本研究提出了广泛的有限元 (FE) 分析，以使用离心机试验研究作为模型验证来研究被动桩的侧向应力和变形发展。采用各向异性土壤本构模型 NGI-ADP 来模拟粘土的行为，填补了在探索隧道-土-桩相互作用问题中捕捉土壤应力引起的各向异性特征的空白。为了进一步探索施工因素的影响，对隧道开挖位置、桩服务情况和各向异性程度进行了参数分析，评估它们对隧道掘进引起的桩挠度、弯矩和竖井阻力的影响。结果表明，尽管传统上对土壤固有各向异性一无所知，但它仍然是决定桩行为的一个促成因素，因为土壤位移场不可避免地依赖于这种固有特性。针对不同的桩身特性和开挖位置，提出了一些有用的施工建议，以避免桩身内部的严重损坏。此外，当桩受到周围干扰时，桩的垂直工作的影响对其稳定性并不重要。由于土壤位移场不可避免地依赖于这种固有特性，因此它是决定桩行为的一个促成因素。针对不同的桩身特性和开挖位置，提出了一些有用的施工建议，以避免桩身内部的严重损坏。此外，当桩受到周围干扰时，桩的垂直工作的影响对其稳定性并不重要。由于土壤位移场不可避免地依赖于这种固有特性，因此它是决定桩行为的一个促成因素。针对不同的桩身特性和开挖位置，提出了一些有用的施工建议，以避免桩身内部的严重损坏。此外，当桩受到周围干扰时，桩的垂直工作的影响对其稳定性并不重要。