Reliable in‐season and in‐field tools for rapidly quantifying herbicide efficacy in dicotyledonous weeds are missing. In this study, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) of susceptible and resistant Papaver rhoeas and Stellaria media populations in response to treatments with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors were examined. Seedlings (4–6 leafs) were transplanted into the field immediately after the application of the ALS inhibitors florasulam, metsulfuron‐methyl and tribenuron‐methyl. The F_v/F_m values were assessed 1–7, 9 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Based on the F_v/F_m values of all fluorescing pixels in the images of herbicide‐treated plants, discriminant maximum‐likelihood classifiers were created. Based on this classifier, an independent set of images were classified into ‘susceptible’ or ‘resistant’ plants. The classifiers’ accuracy, false‐positive rate and false‐negative rate were calculated. The F_v/F_m values of sensitive P. rhoeas and S. media plants decreased within 3 DAT by 28–43%. The F_v/F_m values of the resistant plants of both species were 20% higher than those of the sensitive plants in all herbicide treatments. The classifier separated sensitive and resistant plants 3 DAT with accuracies of 62–100%. False‐positive and false‐negative classifications decreased with increasing DAT. We conclude that by the assessment of the F_v/F_m value in combination with the classification sensitive and resistant P. rhoeas and S. media populations could be separated 3 DAT. This technique can help to select effective control methods and speed up the monitoring process of susceptible and resistant weeds.

中文翻译：

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使用光系统II最大量子效率的成像传感器对除草剂抗药性罂粟和恒星属细菌进行现场分类

缺少用于快速定量分析双子叶杂草中除草剂功效的可靠的季节和田间工具。在这项研究中，研究了乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制剂对敏感和耐药的罂粟和拟南芥属种群的光系统II（F _v / F _m）的最大量子效率。ALS抑制剂florasulam，甲磺隆甲基和苯磺隆甲基化后，立即将幼苗（4–6片叶子）移植到田间。所述˚F _v / ˚F_米值处理后（DAT）1-7,9和14天后评价。基于F _v除草剂处理过的植物图像中所有荧光像素的/ F _m值，创建了判别最大似然分类器。基于该分类器，将一组独立的图像分类为“易感”或“抗性”植物。计算了分类器的准确性，假阳性率和假阴性率。所述˚F _v / ˚F_米敏感的值P.虞美人和S.媒体植物按28-43％3 DAT内下降。所述˚F _v / ˚F_米在所有除草剂处理中，两种植物的抗性植物的值均比敏感植物的高20％。分类器将敏感和抗性植物3 DAT分离，准确度为62–100％。假阳性和假阴性分类随着DAT的增加而减少。我们的结论是由评估˚F _v / ˚F_米值结合所述分类敏感和抗性P.虞美人和S.媒体群可被分离3 DAT。该技术可以帮助选择有效的控制方法，并加快对易感性和抗性杂草的监测过程。