Torilis arvensis Huds. produces two types of mericarps, spiny and hairy (referred to as seeds hereafter), but little information is available on their germination behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the different germination characteristics of hairy and spiny seeds in T. arvensis in response to environmental factors. Both seed types were dormant at harvesting, but the spiny type had a deeper dormancy level and required a more prolonged after‐ripping period. In general, T. arvensis seed germination and seedling emergence responses to examined factors were similar between the two seed types. The highest germination percentage was observed in pH 7. Germination was the highest at a temperature of 20°C. Light did not affect seed germination. T. arvensis was sensitive to osmotic stress induced by NaCl or PEG6000. No seedlings emerged when the seeds were buried at soil depth of 6 cm and deeper soil depths. The results indicate that T. arvensis has the potential to spread into more areas devoted to Apiaceae crops in Iran. Tillage would be beneficial to its effective control in these crops.

中文翻译：

---

树篱欧芹的有毛和多刺种子之间的萌发特性随环境因素的变化（Torilis arvensis Huds。）

窃衣属荬的HUD。产生两种类型的美洲带，多刺的和多毛的（以下称为种子），但是关于它们的萌发行为的信息很少。因此，本研究的目的是确定响应环境因素的欧文木毛和多刺种子的不同发芽特性。两种种子在收获时都处于休眠状态，但多刺型具有更高的休眠水平，并且需要更长的剥落后时间。通常，两种种子类型之间的丁香播种种子发芽和幼苗出苗对所检测因素的响应相似。在pH 7中观察到最高的发芽率。在20°C的温度下发芽率最高。光照不影响种子发芽。T. arvensis对NaCl或PEG6000诱导的渗透压敏感。当种子埋在6 cm的土壤深度和更深的土壤深度时，没有幼苗出苗。结果表明，T。arvensis有可能传播到更多专门用于伊朗蚜科作物的地区。耕作将有利于其在这些作物中的有效控制。