Weed management is a major challenge for smallholders’ adoption of conservation agriculture techniques. The phytological composition and weed biomass in five direct‐seeding cropping systems based on the millet–groundnut rotation, with permanent cover provided by Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., were evaluated after 3 years in western Senegal. A transect was used to determine the phytological composition. The weed biomass was measured in five quadrats in the middle and at the end of the plant growth cycle. This study shows that S. hamata ground cover does not allow the effective control of weeds; high weed infestation was recorded in all direct‐seeding cropping systems (58–75% of the ground cover). A high diversity of weed species was observed in all treatments, dominated by Eragrostis ssp. and Dactyloctenium aegyptium Beauv. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass reduced the ground cover provided by S. hamata, lowered the weed species diversity and favored heliophilous species such as Eragrostis tremula but did not reduce weed infestation. Animal manure application did not, in the short term, affect the composition or structure of the weed species. However, it favored weed development and increased aboveground biomass. In the long term, this could affect weed seedbank and structure. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass of S. hamata resulted in lower weed diversity and higher crop yield. To achieve effective weed control, additional research on management techniques that would focus on the combination of cutting back vegetation and weeding along the crop seeding line will be needed.

中文翻译：

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Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub 管理实践的影响。不同直播、覆盖种植系统中杂草物种的生物量覆盖率

杂草管理是小农采用保护性农业技术的主要挑战。在塞内加尔西部 3 年后评估了基于小米 - 花生轮作的五种直播种植系统的植物学组成和杂草生物量，由 Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. 提供永久覆盖。横断面用于确定植物学组成。杂草生物量在植物生长周期的中间和结束时在五个样方中进行测量。本研究表明，S. hamata 地被植物不能有效控制杂草；在所有直播种植系统（地被植物的 58-75%）中都记录到了大量杂草侵染。在所有处理中都观察到了高度多样性的杂草，以画眉草为主。和 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Beauv。削减和去除地上生物量减少了 S. hamata 提供的地面覆盖，降低了杂草物种的多样性，并有利于诸如 Eragrostis tremula 之类的嗜日植物，但并没有减少杂草侵扰。短期内，施用动物粪便不会影响杂草种类的组成或结构。然而，它有利于杂草发育并增加地上生物量。从长远来看，这可能会影响杂草种子库和结构。削减和去除 S. hamata 的地上生物量会导致杂草多样性降低和作物产量提高。为了实现有效的杂草控制，需要对管理技术进行额外的研究，重点是在作物播种线沿线砍伐植被和除草相结合。