Herbicides applied alone have failed to reduce weed populations in agricultural ecosystems. The use of this management strategy has followed other problems such as damage to ecosystems and organisms that live in it. Herbicide resistance in weeds has also occurred more quickly based on the application of herbicides. Today, most scientists are looking for new integrated weed management programs in agricultural ecosystems. Biological control is one of the most effective ways of weed management. In this way, living organisms are used to reduce and control weed species in arable lands. Weed seed predators, including predispersal and postdispersal predators as biological control agents, can be primary factors of weed seed mortality in agricultural ecosystems. This review has discussed factors influencing seed predator populations, activity, and granivory. Knowledge of the interrelations between factors and seed predators can contribute to designing future strategies that augment weed seed predator activity and enhance weed seed consumption as a component of an integrated weed management system.

中文翻译：

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影响杂草种子捕食水平的因素：综述

单独使用除草剂未能减少农业生态系统中的杂草数量。这种管理策略的使用伴随着其他问题，例如对生态系统和生活在其中的生物体的破坏。基于除草剂的应用，杂草中的除草剂抗性也发生得更快。今天，大多数科学家正在寻找农业生态系统中新的综合杂草管理计划。生物防治是最有效的杂草管理方法之一。通过这种方式，活生物体被用来减少和控制耕地中的杂草种类。杂草种子捕食者，包括作为生物控制剂的传播前和传播后掠食者，可能是农业生态系统中杂草种子死亡的主要因素。本综述讨论了影响种子捕食者种群、活动、和粮仓。了解因素与种子捕食者之间的相互关系有助于设计未来的战略，以增加杂草种子捕食者的活动并提高作为综合杂草管理系统组成部分的杂草种子消耗。