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Sorption–desorption of dimethoate in urban soils and potential environmental impacts
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00337a Islam Md Meftaul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Kadiyala Venkateswarlu 6, 7, 8, 9 , Rajarathnam Dharmarajan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Prasath Annamalai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Mallavarapu Megharaj 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00337a Islam Md Meftaul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Kadiyala Venkateswarlu 6, 7, 8, 9 , Rajarathnam Dharmarajan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Prasath Annamalai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Mallavarapu Megharaj 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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The environmental fate and impact of dimethoate application in the urban environment were assessed in nine selected soils. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model described the kinetics of dimethoate sorption very well in the urban soils exhibiting two distinct phases, an initial partitioning into clay surfaces and soil organic matter, and eventual diffusion into soil micropores. Dimethoate sorption in the urban soils followed the Freundlich model with an R2 value of 0.94–0.99, suggesting a multi-layered sorption on the heterogeneous surfaces. Sorption of dimethoate in the soils was influenced by clay, silt, organic matter, carboxyl and alkyl groups, and Al and Fe oxides. The undecomposed or incompletely decomposed organic matter present in the soils greatly reduced the sorption and enhanced desorption. The calculated lower values for Freundlich constant (KF) indicate the high mobility of dimethoate in the selected soils. Also, the values of groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), leachability index (LIX), hysteresis index (HI), and coefficient of distribution (Kd) for dimethoate in the soils clearly suggest that the insecticide is prone to leaching out significantly from the soil surface to groundwater. Moreover, the surface runoff from impervious places in the urban environment can be considered as a direct source of groundwater contamination, thereby affecting the quality of potable water besides posing a threat to non-target organisms of ecological importance and food safety. Thus, the present novel study suggests that the application of dimethoate in the urban environment having impervious surfaces must be judicious in order to minimize the potential human and ecological health risks.
中文翻译：
乐果在土壤中的吸附-解吸及潜在的环境影响
在选定的九种土壤中评估了环境命运和乐果在城市环境中的应用。拟二级动力学模型很好地描述了乐果在城市土壤中的吸附动力学，表现出两个截然不同的阶段，即初始分配到粘土表面和土壤有机质中，以及最终扩散到土壤微孔中。城市土壤中乐果的吸附遵循Freundlich模型，R 2值0.94–0.99，表明在异质表面上有多层吸附。乐果在土壤中的吸附受到粘土，淤泥，有机物，羧基和烷基以及铝和铁氧化物的影响。土壤中未分解或未完全分解的有机物大大降低了吸附并增强了解吸。计算出的Freundlich常数（K F）的较低值表明乐果在选定土壤中的高迁移率。同样，地下水的普遍性得分（GUS），浸出指数（LIX），滞后指数（HI）和分布系数（K d）对于土壤中的乐果清楚地表明，该杀虫剂易于从土壤表层渗入地下水。此外，城市环境中不透水地表的径流可以被认为是地下水污染的直接来源，从而不仅影响了具有生态重要性和食品安全性的非目标生物，还影响了饮用水的质量。因此，本新颖的研究表明，乐果在具有不透水表面的城市环境中的应用必须是明智的，以最小化潜在的人类和生态健康风险。
更新日期：2020-11-03
中文翻译：
乐果在土壤中的吸附-解吸及潜在的环境影响
在选定的九种土壤中评估了环境命运和乐果在城市环境中的应用。拟二级动力学模型很好地描述了乐果在城市土壤中的吸附动力学，表现出两个截然不同的阶段，即初始分配到粘土表面和土壤有机质中，以及最终扩散到土壤微孔中。城市土壤中乐果的吸附遵循Freundlich模型，R 2值0.94–0.99，表明在异质表面上有多层吸附。乐果在土壤中的吸附受到粘土，淤泥，有机物，羧基和烷基以及铝和铁氧化物的影响。土壤中未分解或未完全分解的有机物大大降低了吸附并增强了解吸。计算出的Freundlich常数（K F）的较低值表明乐果在选定土壤中的高迁移率。同样，地下水的普遍性得分（GUS），浸出指数（LIX），滞后指数（HI）和分布系数（K d）对于土壤中的乐果清楚地表明，该杀虫剂易于从土壤表层渗入地下水。此外，城市环境中不透水地表的径流可以被认为是地下水污染的直接来源，从而不仅影响了具有生态重要性和食品安全性的非目标生物，还影响了饮用水的质量。因此，本新颖的研究表明，乐果在具有不透水表面的城市环境中的应用必须是明智的，以最小化潜在的人类和生态健康风险。
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