Viperinae is a subfamily of viperid snakes whose fossil record in the Mediterranean islands is, until now, restricted to 12 palaeontological deposits on seven islands. Revision of the material excavated 30 years ago from the Middle/Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposit of Es Pouàs [Eivissa (= Ibiza), Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean] revealed about 6000 bones of a small-sized viper across different stratigraphic levels. Its morphological characteristics are different enough to known species of Vipera to warrant the description of a new species, but the nearly complete mitochondrial genome obtained from this snake based on a sample dated to 16 130 ± 45 bp, suggested it belonged to a new insular population of Lataste’s viper (Vipera latastei), Vipera latastei ebusitana subsp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the dispersal of the ancestors of V. l. ebusitana to Eivissa, most probably from a north-east Iberian population, occurred via overwater colonization < 1.5 Mya, well after the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97–5.32 Mya) when land bridges allowed terrestrial colonization of the Balearic Islands by mainland faunas. The morphological differences between V. l. ebusitana and the Iberian populations suggest that it is a new dwarf taxon resulting from insular evolutionary processes, becoming extinct shortly after the first human arrival to this island about 4000 years ago.

中文翻译：

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一种新的化石岛蛇的起源，灭绝和古老的DNA：海外移民的分子线索

蛇蝎科是蛇类的一个亚科，迄今为止，在地中海诸岛上的化石记录仅限于七个岛上的12个古生物学沉积物。修订了30年前从EsPouàs[Eivissa（= Ibiza），地中海西部的巴利阿里群岛]的中/晚更新世-全新世沉积物中挖掘出的材料，发现了大约6000具不同地层水平的小型across蛇骨头。其形态特征是不同的，足以的已知物种蝰蛇保证一个新物种的描述，但基于可追溯至16 130±45的样品从该蛇获得的几乎完整的线粒体基因组碱基，建议它属于一个新的孤立人口Lataste的毒蛇（Vipera latastei），per蛇（Vipera latastei）ebusitana子亚种。年11月。系统发育分析表明， V. l祖先的扩散。ebusitana到Eivissa的入侵，很可能是从伊比利亚东北部人口中通过的水上殖民地<1.5 Mya发生的，这是在墨西尼盐度危机（5.97–5.32 Mya）发生之后，当时陆桥允许大陆动物对巴利阿里群岛进行陆地殖民。V.l.之间的形态差异。ebusitana和伊比利亚人口表明，这是由孤立的进化过程引起的新的侏儒类群，大约在4000年前人类首次到达该岛后不久就灭绝了。