Young massive clusters (YMCs) are recently formed astronomical objects with unusually high star formation rates. We propose the collision of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as a likely formation mechanism of YMCs, consistent with the YMC conveyor-belt formation mode concluded by other authors. We conducted smoothed particle hydrodynamical simulations of cloud-cloud collisions and explored the effect of the clouds' collision speed, initial cloud density, and the level of cloud turbulence on the global star formation rate and the properties of the clusters formed from the collision. We show that greater collision speed, greater initial cloud density and lower turbulence increase the overall star formation rate and produce clusters with greater cluster mass. In general, collisions with relative velocity $\gtrsim 25$ km/s, initial cloud density $\gtrsim 250$ cm$^{-3}$, and turbulence of $\approx 2.5$ km/s can produce massive clusters with properties resembling the observed Milky Way YMCs.

中文翻译：

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碰撞速度、云密度和湍流在通过云-云碰撞形成年轻大质量星团中的作用

年轻的大质量星团 (YMC) 是最近形成的具有异常高恒星形成率的天文物体。我们提出巨分子云（GMCs）的碰撞作为 YMCs 的可能形成机制，与其他作者得出的 YMC 传送带形成模式一致。我们对云-云碰撞进行了平滑粒子流体动力学模拟，并探讨了云的碰撞速度、初始云密度和云湍流水平对全球恒星形成率和碰撞形成的星团性质的影响。我们表明，更大的碰撞速度、更大的初始云密度和更低的湍流会增加整体恒星形成率并产生更大的星团质量。一般来说，相对速度 $\gtrsim 25$ km/s 的碰撞，