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Free energy barriers from biased molecular dynamics simulations.
The Journal of Chemical Physics ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 , DOI: 10.1063/5.0020240
Kristof M Bal 1 , Satoru Fukuhara 2 , Yasushi Shibuta 2 , Erik C Neyts 1
Affiliation  

Atomistic simulation methods for the quantification of free energies are in wide use. These methods operate by sampling the probability density of a system along a small set of suitable collective variables (CVs), which is, in turn, expressed in the form of a free energy surface (FES). This definition of the FES can capture the relative stability of metastable states but not that of the transition state because the barrier height is not invariant to the choice of CVs. Free energy barriers therefore cannot be consistently computed from the FES. Here, we present a simple approach to calculate the gauge correction necessary to eliminate this inconsistency. Using our procedure, the standard FES as well as its gauge-corrected counterpart can be obtained by reweighing the same simulated trajectory at little additional cost. We apply the method to a number of systems—a particle solvated in a Lennard-Jones fluid, a Diels–Alder reaction, and crystallization of liquid sodium—to demonstrate its ability to produce consistent free energy barriers that correctly capture the kinetics of chemical or physical transformations, and discuss the additional demands it puts on the chosen CVs. Because the FES can be converged at relatively short (sub-ns) time scales, a free energy-based description of reaction kinetics is a particularly attractive option to study chemical processes at more expensive quantum mechanical levels of theory.

中文翻译:

来自有偏分子动力学模拟的自由能垒。

用于自由能定量的原子模拟方法已被广泛使用。这些方法通过沿着一小组合适的集体变量(CV)采样系统的概率密度来进行操作,而这些变量又以自由能表面(FES)的形式表示。FES的这种定义可以捕获亚稳态的相对稳定性,但不能捕获过渡态的相对稳定性,因为势垒高度对于CV的选择不是不变的。因此,不能根据FES一致地计算自由能垒。在这里,我们提出一种简单的方法来计算消除这种不一致所必需的量规校正。使用我们的程序,可以通过重新称量相同的模拟轨迹来获得标准的FES及其经过轨距校正的对应物,而无需花费额外的费用。我们将该方法应用于许多系统(在Lennard-Jones流体中溶解的粒子,狄尔斯-阿尔德反应和液态钠的结晶),以证明其产生稳定的自由能垒的能力,可以正确地捕获化学或化学动力学。物理转换,并讨论它对所选CV的附加要求。由于FES可以在相对短的(sub-ns)时间范围内收敛,因此基于自由能的反应动力学描述对于在理论上更昂贵的量子力学水平下研究化学过程而言是一种特别有吸引力的选择。液钠的结晶和结晶化,以证明其产生稳定的自由能垒的能力,可以正确地捕获化学或物理转化的动力学,并讨论其对所选CV的其他要求。由于FES可以在相对短的(sub-ns)时间范围内收敛,因此基于自由能的反应动力学描述对于在理论上更昂贵的量子力学水平下研究化学过程而言是一种特别有吸引力的选择。液钠的结晶和结晶-展示其产生一致的自由能垒的能力,该能垒可正确捕获化学或物理转变的动力学,并讨论其对所选CV的其他要求。由于FES可以在相对短的(sub-ns)时间范围内收敛,因此基于自由能的反应动力学描述对于在理论上更昂贵的量子力学水平下研究化学过程而言是一种特别有吸引力的选择。
更新日期:2020-09-21
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