The hygiene hypothesis posits that the decreased incidence of parasitic infection in developed countries may underlie an increased prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in these countries. As unique inflammation modulator of intracellular parasitism, Trichinella spiralis, or its excretory–secretory (ES) product, shows improved responses to allergies, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis by exerting immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells in animal models. Research has shown that T. spiralis differs from other helminths in manipulation of the host immune response not only by well-known characteristics of its life cycle, but also by its inflammation modulation pathway. How the parasite achieves inflammation modulation has not been fully elucidated yet. This review will generalize the mechanism and focuses on ES immunomodulatory molecules of T. spiralis that may be important for developing new therapeutics for inflammatory disorders.

中文翻译：

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旋毛虫：炎症调节剂

卫生假说认为，发达国家寄生虫感染发病率的下降可能是这些国家过敏性疾病和自身免疫性疾病患病率增加的基础。作为细胞内寄生的独特炎症调节剂，旋毛虫或其排泄 - 分泌 (ES) 产品通过在动物模型中对先天性和适应性免疫细胞发挥免疫调节作用，显示出对过敏、自身免疫性疾病、炎症性肠病、1 型糖尿病、风湿性关节炎和自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的改善反应。研究表明，T.spiralis与其他蠕虫在操纵宿主免疫反应方面的不同之处不仅在于其生命周期的众所周知的特征，还在于其炎症调节途径。寄生虫如何实现炎症调节尚未完全阐明。本综述将概括其机制并重点关注 ES 免疫调节分子T.spiralis这对于开发炎症性疾病的新疗法可能很重要。