Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, direct-fed microbials, and herbs may improve the production efficiency in ruminants. The beneficial effect of selected specific microbes on animal health is reflected in protection against pathogens, stimulation of immunological response, increased production capacity, and mitigation of stress effects. Phytobiotic plants used in the nutrition of ruminant animals increase feed palatability. This in turn has a positive effect on feed intake and, consequently, increases production performance. Pectins, terpenes, phenols, saponins, and antibioticlike substances contained in phytobiotics prevent irritation, diarrhea, and increase the activity of digestive enzymes. Thanks to the abundance of biologically active substances such as flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc., phytobiotics exhibit immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties as well. Given such a wide range of effects on health status and production parameters in animals, an attempt was made in this review to compile the current knowledge on the possible application of these natural growth stimulants in ruminant nutrition and to demonstrate their potential benefits and/or risks for breeding these animals.

中文翻译：

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反刍动物营养中的益生菌微生物和草药是健康和生产效率的天然调节剂–综述

益生菌，益生元，合生元，直接喂养的微生物和草药可以提高反刍动物的生产效率。选定的特定微生物对动物健康的有益作用体现在对病原体的保护，免疫应答的刺激，生产能力的提高和压力影响的缓解。反刍动物营养中使用的植物性植物可提高饲料的适口性。反过来，这对采食量有积极影响，因此，提高了生产性能。植物激素中所含的果胶，萜烯，酚，皂苷和类抗生素物质可防止刺激，腹泻，并增加消化酶的活性。得益于丰富的生物活性物质，例如类黄酮，糖苷，香豆素，类胡萝卜素，多酚等，植物抗生素也表现出免疫刺激和抗氧化特性。考虑到对动物健康状况和生产参数的如此广泛的影响，本综述试图汇编关于这些天然生长刺激剂在反刍动物营养中的可能应用的最新知识，并证明其潜在的益处和/或风险。这些动物的繁殖。