Inland standing waters are particularly vulnerable to increasing water temperature. Here, using a high-resolution numerical model, we find that the velocity of climate change in the surface of inland standing waters globally was 3.5 ± 2.3 km per decade from 1861 to 2005, which is similar to, or lower than, rates of active dispersal of some motile species. However, from 2006 to 2099, the velocity of climate change will increase to 8.7 ± 5.5 km per decade under a low-emission pathway such as Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 or 57.0 ± 17.0 km per decade under a high-emission pathway such as RCP 8.5, meaning that the thermal habitat in inland standing waters will move faster than the ability of some species to disperse to cooler areas. The fragmented distribution of standing waters in a landscape will restrict redistribution, even for species with high dispersal ability, so that the negative consequences of rapid warming for freshwater species are likely to be much greater than in terrestrial and marine realms.

内陆死水特别容易受到水温升高的影响。在这里，使用高分辨率数值模型，我们发现从1861年到2005年，全球内陆积水表面的气候变化速度为每十年3.5±2.3 km，这与活跃率相似或低于活跃率散布一些运动物种。但是，从2006年到2099年，在低排放途径（如代表浓度途径（RCP）2.6）下，气候变化的速度将增加到每十年8.7±5.5 km，而在高排放途径下，每十年的气候变化将增加到57.0±17.0 km。就像RCP 8.5一样，这意味着内陆死水的热生境移动速度将快于某些物种向较冷地区扩散的能力。景观中死水的分散分布将限制重新分布，