The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing, with a moderate subgroup of individuals who later develop metastatic disease. Historically, metastatic RCC has been managed with systemic therapy because RCC was believed to be radioresistant. Local therapies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, which utilize focused high-dose-rate radiation delivered over a limited number of treatments, have been successful in controlling local disease and, in some cases, extending survival in patients with intracranial and extracranial metastatic RCC. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is highly effective in treating intact disease when patients are not surgical candidates. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is well tolerated when used in conjunction with systemic therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These successes have prompted investigators to evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy in novel settings such as neoadjuvant treatment of advanced RCC with tumor thrombus and oligometastatic/oligoprogressive disease states.

肾细胞癌(RCC)的发病率一直在增加，有一小部分个体后来发展为转移性疾病。从历史上看，转移性 RCC 一直通过全身治疗进行管理，因为 RCC 被认为是抗辐射的。局部疗法，例如立体定向放射疗法，也称为立体定向消融放射疗法，它利用在有限数量的治疗中提供的聚焦高剂量率辐射，已成功控制局部疾病，并在某些情况下延长了患者的生存期。颅内和颅外转移性肾细胞癌患者。当患者不是手术候选人时，立体定向消融放疗在治疗完整疾病方面非常有效。当与酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和免疫检查点抑制剂等全身治疗联合使用时，立体定向消融放疗具有良好的耐受性。这些成功促使研究人员评估立体定向放射治疗在新环境中的疗效，例如新辅助治疗具有肿瘤血栓和寡转移/寡进展疾病状态的晚期 RCC。