Abstract

While general guidance for addressing individual elements of the key principles of risk-informed decision making (RIDM) for large commercial nuclear power plants is available in the literature, the implementation of RIDM can still be challenging, whether a mature RIDM framework exists or not. Traditionally, RIDM approaches have focused strongly on the use of risk information, particularly quantitative results from probabilistic risk assessments, with some individual guidance on other key principles such as defense in depth and safety margin. Addressing these different principles in an integrated, balanced fashion that utilizes the strengths of each principle while understanding the impact of uncertainties is not as easily implemented. In fact, the evaluation of each principle in isolation can lead to inadequate input for decision-making purposes, while heavily relying on any single principle can negate the benefits from using a risk-informed approach. This technical note focuses on the specific challenges of the implementation of a truly integrated RIDM (IRIDM) framework and provides specific solutions and detailed discussions and examples. It discusses important clarifications of the key principles of RIDM and their intended implementation, as well as the interrelationships of the principles. A framework for IRIDM is presented that integrates the information that needs to be considered, documented, and communicated to decision makers.

摘要

尽管文献中提供了解决大型商业核电厂风险知情决策（RIDM）关键原则中各个要素的一般指南，但是无论是否存在成熟的RIDM框架，RIDM的实施仍然具有挑战性。传统上，RIDM方法将重点放在风险信息的使用上，尤其是概率风险评估的定量结果，并针对其他关键原则（例如纵深防御和安全裕度）提供了一些单独的指导。以综合，平衡的方式处理这些不同的原则，要利用每个原则的优势，同时又要了解不确定性的影响，这一点并不那么容易实现。实际上，对每个原则的单独评估可能会导致用于决策目的的投入不足，而严重依赖任何单一原则会否定使用基于风险的方法所带来的好处。本技术说明着重于实现真正集成的RIDM（IRIDM）框架的特定挑战，并提供了特定的解决方案以及详细的讨论和示例。它讨论了RIDM关键原则的重要澄清及其预期的实现，以及这些原则之间的相互关系。提出了IRIDM框架，该框架集成了需要考虑，记录和传达给决策者的信息。本技术说明着重于实现真正集成的RIDM（IRIDM）框架的特定挑战，并提供了特定的解决方案以及详细的讨论和示例。它讨论了RIDM关键原则的重要澄清及其预期的实现，以及这些原则之间的相互关系。提出了IRIDM框架，该框架集成了需要考虑，记录和传达给决策者的信息。本技术说明着重于实现真正集成的RIDM（IRIDM）框架的特定挑战，并提供了特定的解决方案以及详细的讨论和示例。它讨论了RIDM关键原则的重要澄清及其预期的实现，以及这些原则之间的相互关系。提出了IRIDM框架，该框架集成了需要考虑，记录和传达给决策者的信息。