Although Leishmania infantum is well-known as the aethiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in some Central American countries it may cause atypical non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL). However, the mechanisms favoring its establishment in the skin are still unknown. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is the major Leishmania multivirulence factor involved in parasite-host interaction. In the case of viscerotropic L. infantum, it causes an immunosuppression during the interaction with macrophages. Here, we investigated the biochemical and functional roles of LPGs from four dermotropic L. infantum strains from Honduras during in vitro interaction with murine macrophages. LPGs were extracted, purified and their repeat units analysed. They did not have side chains consisting of Gal(β1,4)Man(α1)-PO4 common to all LPGs. Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6 were exposed to LPG for nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine (TNF-α and, IL-6) production. LPGs from dermotropic strains from Honduras triggered higher NO and cytokine levels compared to those from viscerotropic strains. In conclusion, LPGs from dermotropic strains are devoid of side-chains and exhibit high pro-inflammatory activity.

中文翻译：

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来自亲皮肤婴儿利什曼原虫的脂磷酸聚糖比来自内脏利什曼原虫菌株的脂磷酸聚糖更具促炎性。


尽管婴儿利什曼原虫众所周知是内脏利什曼病 (VL) 的病因，但在一些中美洲国家，它可能导致非典型非溃疡性皮肤利什曼病 (NUCL)。然而，有利于其在皮肤中建立的机制仍然未知。脂磷酸聚糖（LPG）是参与寄生虫与宿主相互作用的主要利什曼原虫多毒力因子。对于嗜内脏婴儿乳杆菌，它在与巨噬细胞相互作用时引起免疫抑制。在这里，我们研究了来自洪都拉斯的四种亲皮肤婴儿乳杆菌菌株的LPG在与小鼠巨噬细胞的体外相互作用过程中的生化和功能作用。提取、纯化液化石油气并分析其重复单元。它们不具有所有 LPG 共有的由 Gal(β1,4)Man(α1)-PO4 组成的侧链。来自 BALB/c 和 C57BL/6 的腹膜巨噬细胞暴露于 LPG 中以产生一氧化氮 (NO) 和细胞因子（TNF-α 和 IL-6）。与亲内脏菌株相比，来自洪都拉斯亲皮肤菌株的液化石油气引发了更高的一氧化氮和细胞因子水平。总之，来自亲肤性菌株的 LPG 缺乏侧链，并表现出高促炎活性。