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Copper and kaolin sprays as tools for controlling the olive fruit fly
Entomologia Generalis ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 , DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2020/0930
Manuel González-Núñez , Susana Pascual , Ana Cobo , Elena Seris , Guillermo Cobos , Cristina E. Fernández , Ismael Sánchez-Ramos

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most damaging pest of olive crop in the main growing areas. The control of this pest is based on insecticides, but more sustainable strategies are needed to reduce negative impacts such as pesticide residues, development of insecticide resistance or effects on non-target organisms. In a three-year field study, the effectiveness of preventive kaolin and copper (Bordeaux mixture) applications were evaluated. Natural pest control in olive groves is very valuable and must be preserved, so the effects of these treatments on non-target arthropods were also investigated compared to conventional dimethoate bait sprays and paying special attention to natural enemies. Kaolin sprays reduced the damage of B. oleae to levels that allow high quality oil production, even with a very high pest incidence. Copper treatments provided a certain protection that was insufficient at high infestation levels. No significant changes in abundance and number of arthropod morphospecies were detected. However, the diversity of arthropods, measured by Shannon index, was reduced by dimethoate baits and kaolin sprays and fewer predators were found in dimethoate treated trees. A significant alteration of the natural enemies’ community was also detected by Principal Response Curve (PRC) analysis in plots sprayed with kaolin, in the second year, with the coccinellid beetle Scymnus marinus (Mulsant) particularly affected. Monitoring long-term effects of kaolin sprays on natural enemies is advisable, while environmentally-friendly measures are applied to favor their presence.

中文翻译:

铜和高岭土喷雾剂作为控制橄榄果蝇的工具

橄榄果蝇Bactrocera oleae(Rossi)(双翅目:Tephritidae)是主要产区中最具危害性的橄榄作物害虫。该害虫的防治以杀虫剂为基础,但需要采取更可持续的策略来减少诸如杀虫剂残留,杀虫剂抗药性的发展或对非目标生物的影响等负面影响。在一项为期三年的现场研究中,评估了预防性高岭土和铜(波尔多混合物)应用的有效性。橄榄树林中的天然害虫防治非常有价值,必须加以保护,因此,与常规乐果诱饵喷雾剂相比,还研究了这些处理对非目标节肢动物的影响,并特别注意了天敌。高岭土喷雾剂将油菜双歧杆菌的危害降低到可以生产高质量油的水平,即使害虫的发生率很高。铜处理提供了一定的保护,在高水平的侵扰下还不够。没有发现节肢动物形态丰富度和数量的显着变化。然而,乐果毒饵和高岭土喷雾剂减少了以香农指数衡量的节肢动物的多样性,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的天敌较少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。铜处理提供了一定的保护,在高水平的侵扰水平下还不够。没有发现节肢动物形态丰富度和数量的显着变化。然而,乐果毒饵和高岭土喷雾剂减少了以香农指数衡量的节肢动物的多样性,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的天敌较少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。铜处理提供了一定的保护,在高水平的侵扰下还不够。没有发现节肢动物形态丰富度和数量的显着变化。然而,乐果毒饵和高岭土喷雾剂减少了以香农指数衡量的节肢动物的多样性,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的天敌较少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。没有发现节肢动物形态丰富度和数量的显着变化。然而,乐果毒饵和高岭土喷雾剂减少了以香农指数衡量的节肢动物的多样性,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的天敌较少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。没有发现节肢动物形态丰富度和数量的显着变化。然而,乐果毒饵和高岭土喷雾剂减少了以香农指数衡量的节肢动物的多样性,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的天敌较少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。乐果诱饵和高岭土喷洒减少了捕食者的数量,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的捕食者更少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是球藻甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)受其影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。乐果诱饵和高岭土喷洒减少了捕食者的数量,在乐果处理过的树木中发现的捕食者更少。第二年,通过主响应曲线(PRC)分析,在喷洒高岭土的地块中还发现了天敌群落的显着变化,尤其是对球虫甲虫Scymnus marinus(Mulsant)的影响。监测高岭土喷剂对天敌的长期影响是可取的,同时采用环保措施以促进其存在。
更新日期:2021-02-23
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