Vibrational pest management techniques involve the manipulation of the mating behaviour of the target species. Development of such techniques require a deep understanding of the pair formation process. Two types of bioassays were conducted to determine whether a vibrational disruptive approach could be used for Bactericera cockerelli. First, we conducted trials with either single individuals or pairs of a male and a female to ascertain whether B. cockerelli uses vibrational signals to achieve mating. Second, playback trials were conducted using two different female signals to manipulate the behaviour of males. Signals emitted during the trials were recorded using a laser vibrometer from the surface of a leaf where either single individuals or pairs of B. cockerelli were released. We described the communication phases that led to mating and the associated male and female signals. Pair formation started with a male call followed by a female response, which established a vibrational duet. During the female reply, the male searched for the female without emitting vibrational signals. Mating could be achieved if the male could maintain the female replies and reach her. In the playback trials, two different female playbacks attracted males to the signal source. Furthermore, males stimulated with female playbacks spent more time near the source of the signal than insects in the silent control group. We concluded that the B. cockerelli mating behaviour relies on vibrational signals and is potentially susceptible to vibrational manipulation, thus a future vibrational management technique could be developed to monitor or control this species.

中文翻译：

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振动交流和番茄马铃薯木虱，Bactericera cockerelli的振动行为操纵的证据

振动害虫管理技术涉及目标物种交配行为的操纵。这种技术的发展需要对成对过程的深刻理解。进行了两种类型的生物测定，以确定是否可以将振动破坏性方法用于公鸡杆菌。首先，我们对单人或成对的雄性和雌性进行了试验，以确定B. cockerelli是否使用振动信号来实现交配。其次，使用两种不同的女性信号进行操纵男性行为的回放试验。使用激光振动计从叶片表面记录了试验过程中发出的信号，该叶片表面释放了单个个体或成对的双歧杆菌。我们描述了导致交配的通信阶段以及相关的男性和女性信号。配对的形成始于男性的呼唤，然后是女性的回应，这建立了振动二重奏。在雌性答复期间，雄性搜索雌性而没有发出振动信号。如果雄性能够保持雌性的答复并到达她，则可以实现交配。在回放测试中，两次不同的女性回放将男性吸引到信号源。此外，雄性受到雌性放音刺激的时间比沉默对照组的昆虫在信号源附近花费的时间更长。我们得出的结论是，B。cockerelli的交配行为依赖于振动信号，并且可能容易受到振动操纵的影响，