The specific characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks, such as high speed of nodes and frequent topology changes, impose challenges for the routing process. In addition, the advent of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept along with the autonomous and connected cars contribute to the proliferation of new innovative applications with different quality of service requirements, rising new challenging issues for data transfer. In this article, we review the different taxonomies of vehicular routing protocols, while giving an insight into the design of geographical protocols. Then, we outline several optimization techniques and paradigms used to enhance the routing process. Moreover, in order to promote the deployment of robust IoV routing protocols at large scale, we provide some directions for future research work.

中文翻译：

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迈向通用车联网网络：路由协议调查

车载自组织网络的特定特性，例如节点的高速和频繁的拓扑变化，对路由过程提出了挑战。此外，车联网 (IoV) 概念的出现以及自动驾驶和联网汽车有助于具有不同服务质量要求的新创新应用程序的激增，从而为数据传输带来新的挑战。在本文中，我们回顾了车辆路由协议的不同分类，同时深入了解了地理协议的设计。然后，我们概述了用于增强路由过程的几种优化技术和范例。此外，为了促进大规模部署鲁棒的车联网路由协议，我们为未来的研究工作提供了一些方向。