Physical and biotic factors that affect development and survival during the embryonic period of fish are major concerns in aquaculture, particularly when individuals are produced using natural surface water sources. We quantified the effects of bacterial community taxonomic composition and abundance, water filtration treatment, and incubation temperature on the development and survival of embryos from Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, a threatened Great Lakes fish species. Eggs were fertilized and incubated using a two-by-two treatment design by manipulating water treatments (treated [filtered and UV treated] and untreated stream water) and temperature (12°C and 18°C) during incubation. Egg samples from five full-sibling families were exposed to each rearing treatment. At different stages during development, eggs were analyzed for egg surface microbial community composition and abundance using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methods based on the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative PCR, respectively. Sanger sequencing identified egg-associated microbial taxa. Microbial community composition derived from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was visualized using principal component analysis. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the composition of microbial communities that developed on egg surfaces varied as a function of water filtration and temperature. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that significantly higher microbial abundance was present on surfaces of eggs reared in untreated stream water than on those reared in treated stream water. Temperature did not affect egg surface microbial abundance. Significantly higher egg mortality was documented for eggs reared in unfiltered stream water (mean± SD = 77.4± 17.6%) than for eggs reared in treated stream water (50.3± 14.7%). Temperature during incubation did not affect levels of egg mortality. Sequence analysis revealed that certain microbial taxa were associated with eggs characterized by higher survival, including Acidovorax spp. and Massilia spp., suggesting that they may be candidates for natural probiotics. Filtration and UV treatment of surface water was an effective method for modification of egg microbial community composition and quantity and significantly reduced egg mortality. Microbial communities immediately develop on fish egg surfaces upon deposition into water during reproduction (Fujimoto et al. 2013, 2018; Llewellyn et al. 2014). Microbial community composition and abundance on fish egg surfaces change over time across the incubation period (Fujimoto et al. 2018) and are also influenced by abiotic *Corresponding author: scribne3@msu.edu Present address: Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Drive, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290, USA. Received September 17, 2019; accepted September 9, 2020 North American Journal of Aquaculture © 2020 American Fisheries Society ISSN: 1522-2055 print / 1548-8454 online DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10169

中文翻译：

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水过滤和温度对湖鲟卵微生物定植和存活的影响

影响鱼类胚胎期发育和存活的物理和生物因素是水产养殖中的主要问题，特别是当个体使用天然地表水源生产时。我们量化了细菌群落分类组成和丰度、水过滤处理和孵化温度对来自湖鲟Acipenser fulvescens（一种受威胁的五大湖鱼类）胚胎发育和存活的影响。在孵化过程中，通过操纵水处理（经过处理的 [过滤和紫外线处理] 和未经处理的溪流水）和温度（12°C 和 18°C），使用 2×2 处理设计对鸡蛋进行受精和孵化。来自五个同系兄弟家庭的鸡蛋样品暴露于每种饲养处理。在发展的不同阶段，分别使用基于 16S rRNA 基因和定量 PCR 的末端限制性片段长度多态性方法分析了鸡蛋的鸡蛋表面微生物群落组成和丰度。Sanger 测序鉴定了与鸡蛋相关的微生物分类群。使用主成分分析可视化源自末端限制性片段长度多态性的微生物群落组成。变异的置换多变量分析显示，在鸡蛋表面发育的微生物群落的组成随水过滤和温度的变化而变化。定量 PCR 分析显示，在未经处理的河流水中饲养的鸡蛋表面上的微生物丰度明显高于在处理过的河流水中饲养的鸡蛋表面。温度不影响鸡蛋表面微生物丰度。在未经过滤的河流水中养殖的鸡蛋（平均值± SD = 77.4± 17.6%）比在处理过的河流水中养殖的鸡蛋（50.3± 14.7%）记录了显着更高的鸡蛋死亡率。孵化期间的温度不影响鸡蛋死亡率水平。序列分析显示，某些微生物类群与以较高存活率为特征的鸡蛋有关，包括酸食菌属。和 Massilia spp.，表明它们可能是天然益生菌的候选者。地表水过滤和紫外线处理是改变鸡蛋微生物群落组成和数量并显着降低鸡蛋死亡率的有效方法。微生物群落在繁殖过程中沉积到水中后立即在鱼卵表面发育（Fujimoto 等人，2013 年，2018 年；Llewellyn 等人，2014 年）。鱼卵表面的微生物群落组成和丰度在整个孵化期随时间变化（Fujimoto 等人，2018 年），并且还受到非生物的影响 *通讯作者：scribne3@msu.edu 目前地址：佛罗里达大学土壤和水科学系, 1692 McCarty Drive, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290, USA。2019 年 9 月 17 日收到；接受 2020 年 9 月 9 日北美水产养殖杂志 © 2020 美国渔业协会 ISSN：1522-2055 印刷版 / 1548-8454 在线 DOI：10.1002/naaq.10169 美国佛罗里达州 32611-0290。2019 年 9 月 17 日收到；接受 2020 年 9 月 9 日北美水产养殖杂志 © 2020 美国渔业协会 ISSN：1522-2055 印刷版 / 1548-8454 在线 DOI：10.1002/naaq.10169 美国佛罗里达州 32611-0290。2019 年 9 月 17 日收到；接受 2020 年 9 月 9 日北美水产养殖杂志 © 2020 美国渔业协会 ISSN：1522-2055 印刷版 / 1548-8454 在线 DOI：10.1002/naaq.10169