Infection with live‐attenuated vaccines always inevitably induces side effects that reduce their safety. This study suggests a concept of magnetic virus produced by genetically modifying viral surfaces with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) to control their tropisms. An iron‐affinity peptide is designed to be displayed on the viral surface protein (VP1) of human enterovirus type 71 (EV71), a typical nonenveloped picornavirus, as the model. The modified EV71 can self‐bind with Fe₃O₄ NPs under physiological conditions, resulting in novel EV71‐Fe₃O₄ hybrid materials. This rationally engineered EV71 with Fe₃O₄ retains its original biological infectivity, but its tropism can be precisely controlled by magnetism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that EV71‐Fe₃O₄ can infect only a desired area within the limit of the applied magnetic field, which effectively reduces its pathological damage. More importantly, this characteristic of EV71 can be inherited due to the gene‐induced coassembly of viruses and NPs. This achievement provides a proof of concept in virus vaccine improvement by a combination of gene modification and material incorporation, leading to great potential for biomedical developments.

中文翻译：

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针对生物医学应用的具有复制能力且可遗传的磁性病毒的合理设计。

减毒活疫苗的感染总是不可避免地引起副作用，从而降低其安全性。这项研究提出了通过用Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒（NPs）遗传修饰病毒表面来控制其向性性而产生的磁性病毒的概念。设计一种铁亲和力肽作为模型展示在人肠病毒71型（EV71）（典型的非包膜小核糖核酸病毒）的病毒表面蛋白（VP1）上。修饰的EV71可以在生理条件下与Fe ₃ O ₄ NPs自结合，从而产生新颖的EV71-Fe ₃ O ₄杂化材料。具有Fe ₃ O _4的合理设计的EV71保留了其原始的生物传染性，但可以通过磁性精确控制其向性。体外和体内实验均表明，EV71-Fe ₃ O ₄只能感染所施加磁场范围内的所需区域，从而有效减少其病理损伤。更重要的是，由于病毒和NP的基因诱导的共装配，因此可以继承EV71的这一特征。这一成就提供了基因修饰和材料掺入相结合的病毒疫苗改良的概念证明，从而为生物医学的发展带来了巨大的潜力。