Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most promising renewable energy converting devices. However, in order to reach a sufficiently high power conversion efficiency (PCE), the PSCs typically require a high‐temperature sintering process to prepare mesostructured TiO₂ as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL), which prohibits the PSCs from commercialization in the future. This work investigates a low‐temperature synthesis of TiO₂ nanocrystals and introduces a two‐fluid spray coating process to produce a nanostructured ETL for the following deposition of perovskite layer. The temperature during the whole deposition process can be maintained under 150 °C. Compared to the typical planar TiO₂ layer, the perovskite layer fabricated on a nanostructured TiO₂ layer shows uniform compactness, preferred orientation, and high crystallinity, leading to reproducible and promising device performance. The detail mechanisms are revealed by the contact angle test, morphology characterization, grazing incident wide angle X‐Ray scattering measurement, and space charge limited currents analysis. Finally, optimized device performance can be achieved through adequate Zn doping in the TiO₂ layer, demonstrating an average PCE of 19.87% with champion PCE of 21.36%. The efficiency can maintain over 80% of its original value after 3000 h storage in ambient atmosphere. This study suggests a promising approach to offer high‐efficiency PSCs using the low‐temperature process.

中文翻译：

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通过低温处理的Zn掺杂TiO2电子传输层的形态工程获得高性能的钙钛矿光伏电池。

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）已成为最有前途的可再生能源转换设备之一。然而，为了达到足够高的功率转换效率（PCE），PSC通常需要高温烧结工艺来制备介孔结构的TiO ₂作为有效的电子传输层（ETL），这阻碍了PSC未来的商业化。 。这项工作研究了TiO ₂纳米晶体的低温合成，并介绍了一种双流体喷涂工艺，以生产用于随后钙钛矿层沉积的纳米结构ETL。整个沉积过程中的温度可以保持在150°C以下。与典型的平面TiO ₂相比在纳米层TiO ₂层上制造的钙钛矿层显示出均匀的致密性，优选的取向和高结晶度，从而导致可再现且有希望的器件性能。通过接触角测试，形态表征，掠射入射广角X射线散射测量以及空间电荷限制电流分析揭示了详细的机理。最后，可以通过在TiO ₂层中进行适当的Zn掺杂来获得最佳的器件性能，这表明平均PCE为19.87％，冠军PCE为21.36％。在环境大气中存储3000小时后，效率可以保持其原始值的80％以上。这项研究提出了一种使用低温工艺提供高效PSC的有前途的方法。