The guidance document on risk assessment for birds and mammals (GD) provides generic residue values of pesticides on potential diet items for use in wildlife risk assessments. For most diet items, these values are based on a large number of residue studies. However, the default residues per unit dose (RUD; standardized for application of 1 kg substance per hectare) values for fruits were taken from a few literature trials of unclear relevance for regulatory purposes. These trials were conducted according to neither current European Union (EU) agricultural practice nor to recommendations given in the GD about how to conduct wildlife‐relevant residue studies. Therefore, field study data on fruit residue levels from applications of pesticides in fruiting crops were compiled and evaluated. Corresponding studies had been conducted during the last 26 y in the EU. In the final data set, 291 studies provided 1002 residue values in different fruits, including grapes, berries (currants, raspberries, gooseberries), fruits from orchards (apple, peach, pear, lemon, mandarin, orange, apricot, cherry, plum), gourds (pumpkins, cucumbers, squash, melons), and strawberries. This data set provides a basis for revising registration‐relevant RUD values for fruits as potential diet items for birds and mammals in environmental wildlife risk assessments. The objective of this study was to estimate the resulting residue levels in different fruits determined under field conditions following the application of pesticides across their growing areas within the EU in diverse climatic areas that can be used directly in wildlife risk assessments. The large data set of usually about more than 100 residue values per “fruit group,” all evaluated at EU member state level, revealed significantly lower RUDs compared to the current default RUDs presented in the GD. These new RUD values for fruits should be considered for use as default values in future bird and mammal risk assessments and in respective guidance documents. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:552–561. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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用于野生生物风险评估的水果中农药的残留水平

关于鸟类和哺乳动物风险评估的指导文件（GD）提供了潜在饮食中农药的通用残留值，可用于野生动植物风险评估。对于大多数饮食项目，这些值是基于大量残留物研究得出的。但是，水果的默认残留量（RUD；标准化为每公顷施用1 kg物质）的值取自一些监管目的不明确的文献试验。这些试验既没有根据当前的欧盟农业惯例进行，也没有根据GD中有关如何进行野生动植物相关残留物研究的建议进行。因此，收集并评估了农药在果树作物中施用的水果残留水平的田间研究数据。在过去的26年中，欧盟进行了相应的研究。在最终数据集中，有291项研究提供了不同水果（包括葡萄，浆果（黑醋栗，覆盆子，醋栗），果园的水果（苹果，桃，梨，柠檬，橘子，橘子，杏，樱桃，李子）中的1002残留值。 ，金瓜（南瓜，黄瓜，南瓜，瓜）和草莓。该数据集为修订水果相关注册的RUD值提供了基础，水果是环境野生动植物风险评估中鸟类和哺乳动物的潜在饮食项目。这项研究的目的是估计在田间条件下确定的不同水果中残留的残留量，这些农药是在欧盟范围内的不同气候区域的生长区域施用农药后直接用于野生生物风险评估的。大数据集通常每个欧盟（欧盟）成员国评估的“水果组”残基值通常超过100个，显示出与GD中当前的默认RUD相比，RUD明显更低。应将这些新的水果RUD值用作以后的鸟类和哺乳动物风险评估以及相应的指导文件中的默认值。整合环境评估管理2021; 17：552–561。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表环境毒理化学协会（SETAC）发布的《综合环境评估与管理》